Ch 38. Hygine Flashcards
Skin Layers 3
Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous
What can affect someones hygiene?
1) Social practices Social and family influences on hygiene patterns 2) Personal preferences Dictate hygiene practices 3) Body image A person’s subjective concept of his of her body appearance 4) Socioeconomic status Can influence the type and extent of hygiene practices used 5) Health beliefs and motivation Motivation as the key factor to hygiene 6) Cultural variables Cultural beliefs and personal values 7) Physical condition Pain, disability, physical limitations
Risk factors for skin impairment
Immobilization Reduced sensation Nutrition and hydration alterations Secretions and excretions on the skin Vascular insufficiency External devices
Skin Problem Interventions: Dry Skin
- less frequent bathing
- increase fluid intake
- use nonallergic moisturizing cream to form protective barrier
- use creams to clear skin
Skin Problem Interventions: contact dermatitis
contact dermatitis: inflammation of skin characterized by abrupt onset of scaly oozing lesions, pruritus this pain and erythmia.
Avoid positive agents like cleaners and soaps
Skin Problem Interventions: psoriasis
non contagious chronic skin condition characterized by abnormal growth inflammatory reaction that results in thick silvery scaly inflamed patches of skin.
Treatment aimed at reducing the extent and severity of the condition an improving quality of life patient avoid triggers like smoking, stress, alcohol and sunburn
Skin Problem Interventions: abrasion
abrasion scraping or rubbing away of epidermis that may result in localized bleeding and later weeping of cirrhosis fluid.
Caregivers Trim fingernails not wear jewelry, clean the area and dry thoroughly and gently, observe for retained moisture in bandages and dressings, lift not pull when transferring or repositioning at patient
Skin Problem Interventions: acne
acne wash hair and skin thoroughly, use cosmetics sparingly, used prescribed topical or oral antibiotics
Skin Problem Interventions: skin rash
skin rash wash area thoroughly and apply antiseptic spray or lotion to prevent further itching and aid in healing, apply warm or cold compress to relieve inflammation
Interventions: Callus
thikckened portion of epidermis
advise patient to wear gloves when using tools, soak in warm water. apply cream/lotion
Interventions: Keratosis (corns)
cone shaped, round and raised normally between toes
may need surgical removal. wider softer shoes. warm water soaks to soften corns before gentle rubbing with callus file or pumice stone
Interventions: Plantar warts
fun gating lesion on sole of foot
salicylic acid electrodessication, freezing with solid CO2
Interventions: Tinea pedis (athlete’s foot)
fungal infection. Small blisters containing fluid. scaliness and cracking of skin
well ventilated feel. Dry feet after bath, clean socks
Interventions: Ingrown nails
nail grows inward into soft tissue
freq hot soaks in antiseptic, remove part of nail, educate patient on proper nail trimming
Interventions: Ram’s horn nails
usually long curved thicker nail
refer to podiatrist
Interventions: Paronychia
Inflammation of tissue surrounding the nail after a hangnail or other injury.
hot compresses or soak, topical or oral antibiotics can be prevented by careful manicuring
Interventions: Odours
results from excess perspiration promoting microorganism growth
frequent washing, using foot deodorants and powders, wearing clean footwear
Interventions: Dandruff
Scaling of the sculp accompanied by itching
shampoo regularly with medical soap
Interventions: Ticks
small grey brown parasite that Burrows into skin and sucks blood
don’t pull ticks quickly from skin remove slowly with tweezers
Interventions: Pediculosis capitis (head lice)
transmission by direct contact
check entire scalp. use medicated shampoo use fine toothed comb for manual removal
Interventions: Pediculosis corporis (body lice)
ask the patient to bathe her shower thoroughly.
Recommend pediculicide lotion big infested clothing vacuum rooms
Interventions: Pediculosis pubis (crab lice)
found in pubic hair grayish white with red legs
clean pubic hair remove lice treat sexual partners
Interventions: Alopecia (hair loss)
caused by genetics hair curlers hair pics type rating
advise patient to stop her care practices that might be damaging
Guidelines for Bathing - What to consider
Provide privacy Maintain safety Maintain warmth Promote independence Anticipate needs
Perineal care Female
- Separate the labia with your nondominant hand, exposing the urethral meatus and vaginal orifice.
- Wash downward from the pubic area toward the rectum in one smooth stroke (see Step 7A[28][a3] illustration).
- Use a separate section of cloth for each stroke.
- Cleanse thoroughly around the labia minora, clitoris, and vaginal orifice.
- clense the labia major from front to back (don’t carry fecal matter to urethra )
Perineal care Male
- retract foreskin
- wash tip on penis at urethral meatus using circle notion from meatus outward, rise/dry
- return foreskin
- wash penis shaft, downward strokes
- wash sctrosum and underlying skin folds
How to Bath a patient
- but on bath blanket, remove top sheet + gown
- form washcloth mitt
- Wash face, neck and arms with 1 washcloth
- Wash arms/legs from distal to proximal, long smooth strokes
- soak patients hands for 3-5 min before washings hands/fingernails
- wash chest
- wash abdomen
- Make sure no moisture remains between toes
- perineal care
diabetes mellitus considerations
- don’t cut toenails
* don’t soak hands/feet
Patients with special needs for oral hygiene
Presence of stomatitis
Diabetes mellitus
Unconscious state
Impared gag reflex (need lots of suction)
