Ch 33. Infection Control

Question 1

Infectious Control 2 purposes

Answer 1

Protect patient from acquiring infection

Prevent HCW from getting infected

Question 2

Chain of Infection - 6

Answer 2

Infectious agent or pathogen
Reservoir or source for pathogen growth
Portal of exit from the reservoir
Modes of transmission
Portal of entry to a host
Susceptible host

Question 3

4 factors of if a microorganism will causes infection/disease

Answer 3

Number
Virulence
Entry and survival in host
Susceptibility of host

Question 4

Reservoirs need 5 conditions for Pathogens to thrive

Answer 4

Food 
Oxygen (or no oxygen)
Water
Appropriate temperature and pH
Minimal light

Question 5

Types of portals of exit

Answer 5

• Body openings
• Breaks in skin
• Breaks in mucous membranes

Pathogens carried through portals by:

• blood
• body fluids
• excretions
• secretions

Question 6

Severity of infection depends on - 3

Answer 6

Extent: localized or systemic
Pathogenicity of the microorganism
Host susceptibility – is host healthy or sick?

Question 7

Defences Against Infection -3

Answer 7

1) Normal flora - part of defense system. don’t cause disease when in usual area. Assist in ingestion. Disruption to normal flora causes body diease
2) Body system defences - mucus (mucus/cilia action) blinking for eye, urination
3) Inflamation – defence response to injury/infection. Protective vascular rxn that gives fluid/tblood products and nutrients issues to where illness occurs.

Question 8

Inflammation - 3 process

Answer 8

1 ) Vascular and cellular responses

2) Inflammatory exudate - accumulated fluid, dead tissues, WBC.
3) Tissue repair - Healing- involces inflammation, proliferation and remodelling

Question 9

Vascular and cellular responses to inflammation

Answer 9

Injury causes necrosis – tissue death
Accumulated fluid = swelling/edemia
Pain – results from increase in pressure to nerve endings
Phagocytosis – WBC ingest/destroy microorganisms
Fever- elevates temp with creates an enviornemnt that bacteria cannot grow in

Question 10

Assessment of infection risk

Answer 10

• Status of defence mechanisms
• Patient susceptibility
- Age, nutritional status, stress, disease process, medical therapy
• Clinical appearance – localized or systemic?
• Laboratory data - what immune response are the body engaging in?
• Health problems of patients with infection

Question 11

6 points you should provide hand hygine:

Answer 11

1) Before direct patient contact, after direct patient contact,
2) Before putting on sterile gloves, After removing gloves
3) If hands are soiled (contact with body fluds/excretions),
4) Between tasks: moving from contaminated body site to clean body site
5) After contact with inanimate objects (including medical equiptment)

Question 12

2 tiered approach for isolation guidlines

Answer 12

Tier 1 – routine practices (if HCW come in contact with blood, mucuos membranes, wearing mask/gloves)
Tier 2- Tier 2: airborne, droplet, or contact precautions

Question 13

Nursing role in Infectious Control: Evaluation

Answer 13

Monitoring for signs and symptoms of infection
Patient education
Documenting patient’s response to therapies for infection control