Ch 39: Biomes (Exam 1)

Question 1

Biosphere

Answer 1

the portion of earth where life exists

Question 2

Biotic vs Abiotic

Answer 2

BIOTIC-interactions among species, such as competition, predation, and mutualism
ABIOTIC-a non living environment

Question 3

Biomes

Answer 3

major types of ecosystems characterized by a particular climate and a distinctive group of species

Question 4

Hypothermal Vent Ecosystems

Answer 4

they are unique in that the entire ecosystem is completely independent of any photosynthetic input originating from the sunlit surface layers

Question 5

Producers in Hypothermal Vent Ecosystems

Answer 5

Chemosynthetic bacteria, blue/green algae

Question 6

Location on Earth Where Solar Energy is Most Intense?

Answer 6

Latitudes near the equator

Question 7

Why Parts of the Earth Experience Changes in Seasons?

Answer 7

TITLED SPHERES-temperature falls with distance from the equator because sunlight is distributed unevenly across earths curved surface, the tilt of earths axis produces distinct seasons in the northern and southern hemispheres as earth travels around the sun

Question 8

Rain Shadows

Answer 8

down wind side of a mountain, with a dryer climate then the upwind side
-mountain ranges blocked all plant growing and rainy weather
-forms in deserts
-the other side of the mountain range has much more rain then the down wind side

Question 9

Climate Factors That Most Influence the Location of Biomes-

Answer 9

-Temperature
-Precipitation
-Fire
-Soil Quality

Question 10

How Does a Biome Evolve Into Another?

Answer 10

the process by which the mix of species and habitat in an area changes over time

Question 11

Tropical Rainforest Soils

Answer 11

generally nutrient poor and non fertile due to high amounts of rainfall and fast uptake of nutrients from decomposing organic matter by plants

Question 12

Deciduous vs Coniferous Trees/Leaf Patten

Answer 12

DECIDUOUS TREES-are dominated by trees that shed their foliage in Autum
CONIFEROUS TREES-contain mostly evergreen conifers that lose only a few leaves at a time

Question 13

Root Structure Commonly Found in Desert Plants-

Answer 13

freshly stems or leaves that store water, and spires or toxins that guard against thirsty herbivores

Question 14

The Biome With the Layer of Permafrost Covering the Soil?

Answer 14

Tundra

Question 15

Amount of Earths Surface Covered by Water?

Answer 15

71%

Question 16

Littoral vs Limnetic vs Benthic Regions of Lakes

Answer 16

LITTORAL LAKE REGION-the shallow shoreline region where rooted plants occur
LIMNETIC LAKE REGION-the layer of open water where light penetrates
BENTHIC LAKE REGION-(the sediment of the lake bottom), rely on a gentle rain of organic material from above to supply both energy and nutrients

Question 17

Major Regions of Oceans Habitats-

Answer 17

INTERTIDAL-coastline between high and low tides marks (light, high nutrients, high primary production)
PELAGIC-only open water above the ocean floor (light varies, nutrients varies, primary production varies)
NERITIC-portion of the pelagic zone beyond the intertidal zone but above the continental shelf (light, high nutrients, high primary production)
OCEANIC (PHOTIC)-portion of the pelagic zone beyond the continental shelf near the surface (light, nutrients varies, primary production varies)
OCEANIC (PROFUNDAL)-portion of the pelagic zone beyond the continental shelf below the photic zone (no light, nutrients varies, low primary production)
BETHIC-bottom sediment (no light, high nutrients, low primary production)