Ch 22: Plant Form and Function (Exam 3)

Question 1

Identify the vegetative(non-reproductive) parts of a plant

Answer 1

the FLOWER and FRUIT are the ONLY reproductive structures!

Shoot-above ground part of plant

Stem-supports the leaves

Root-below-ground

Question 2

Stolons vs Rhizomes

Answer 2

Stolons-horizontal stems that sprout from an existing stem and grow above ground, forming roots and new shoots at their nodes

Rhizomes-thickened underground stems that produce shoots and roots

Question 3

Define “fruit” as the word is used in botany

Answer 3

-a fruit is the fleshy or dried ripened ovary of a flowering plant, enclosing the seed or seeds

Question 4

Differentiate the 3 main types of plant tissues

Answer 4

Ground Tissue-photosynthesis, storage, respiration, elastic and inelastic support

Dermal Tissue-protects primary plant body, contains gas exchange in stems and leaves, absorb water/minerals in roots, protects roots and stems

Vascular Tissue-
-Xylem-conduct water/minerals in stems, leaves, roots, storage, and inelastic support
-Phloem-transport of organic molecules, transfer of carbohydrates to and from sieve tube elements, inelastic support

Question 5

Functions of the Cuticle and the Stomata

Answer 5

Cuticle-waxy layer that coats the epidermis of the leaves and stem

Stomata-pores through which leaves and stems exchange gases with the atmosphere

Question 6

Xylem vs Phloem

Answer 6

Xylem-tissue that transports water, dissolved minerals, and hormones from the roots to all parts of the plant

Phloem-tissue that transports dissolved organic compounds, primary sugars produced by photosynthesis

Question 7

Major functions of plant stems

Answer 7

-transports water and nutrients up from the roots all the way to the leaves, and the stem transports sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant

Question 8

Structure and purposes of the “Root Cap”

Answer 8

Root Cap-protects the growing tip from abrasion
-root cap cells which slough off and are continually replaced, secrete a slimy substance that lubricates the root as it pushes through the soil

Question 9

Function of plant Meristems (immortality)

Answer 9

-patches that allow the plant to grow, replace demoted parts, and respond to environmental changes

Question 10

What seasons do growth in woody plants produce rings?

Answer 10

SPRING and SUMMER