Ch 24: Reproduction and Development of Flowering Plants (Exam 3) Flashcards
Explain the biological purpose of a fruit
-to protect and disperse seeds and allow the plant to reproduce
Why is the production of pollen an advantage for angiosperms?
-because the plant does not spend energy on nectar or other lures, since they use wind to disperse not animals
Identify the main animal pollinators of flowers which display markings only visible in UV light
BEES
What is inside a seed?
EMBYO, ENDOSPERM, and SEED COAT
Identify the structure of the flower that develops into fruit
-the OVARY develops into a fruit to protect the seeds
Examples of simple, aggregate, and multiple fruits
SIMPLE-derived from one flower with one ovary (olive, cherry, peach, plum, coconut, grape, tomato, pepper, eggplant, apple, pear)
AGGREGATE-derived from one flower with many separate ovaries (blackberry, strawberry, raspberry, magnolia)
MULTIPLE-derived from tightly custard flowers whose ovaries fuse as the fruit develops (pineapple, fig)
Explain why seed packets usually note the ideal planting depth for the seeds
-planting conditions/depth has direct impact on seed to soil contact as well as seeds access to adequate moisture and temperatures
Explain why trimming the tips of stems (thus removing the apical meristem) causes plants to grow bushier?
APICAL DOMINANCE-the terminal bud of a plant secretes auxins that move downward and suppress the growth of lateral buds, If the shoot tip is removed, the concentration of auxins in lateral buds decreases. Meristem cells in the buds then began dividing, thanks to the ever present cytokinins. Apical Dominance exposes why gardeners can promote bushier growth by pinching off a plants shoot tip.
The plant hormone that promotes fruit ripening
ETHYLENE
Explain how plants detect and respond to gravity
Gravitropism-is directional growth in response to gravity
-as the seed germinates, its shoot points upward toward light, and its roots grow downward into the soil
