Ch 19: Plants (Exam 3)

Question 1

Functions of root systems in plants

Answer 1

-absorb water and minerals and anchor the plant

Question 2

Function of the Stomata in plants

Answer 2

-the stomata are pores in the epidermis of stems and leaves
-permits gas exchange in leaves
-plants close their stomata in DRY WEATHER to minimize water loss

Question 3

Xylem Function vs Phloem Function

Answer 3

Vascular Tissue-a collection of tubes that transport sugar, water, and minerals throughout the plant

Xylem-vascular tissue that conducts water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves

Phloem-vascular tissue that transports sugars produced in photosynthesis to the roots and other non-green parts of the plant

Question 4

Explain Alternation of Generations

Answer 4

-a life cycle in which a multicellular diploid stage alternates with a multicellular haploid stage

Question 5

Saprophyte vs Gametophyte in flowering plants

Answer 5

Sporophyte-(Diploid) some cells undergo meiosis and produce haploid spores, these spores divide mitotically to form the gametophyte

Gametophyte-(Haploid) produces gametes by mitotic cell division, these sex cells fuse at fertilization

-in turn the resulting zygote is the first cell of the next sporophyte generation, and the cycle starts anew

Question 6

Relating the following terms: diploid, haploid, zygote, sporophyte, gametophyte, meiosis

Answer 6

Diploid-cell that contains two sets of chromosomes that divide into four

Haploid-cells that contain one set f chromosomes

Sporophyte-(Diploid) some cells undergo MEIOSIS and produce HAPLOID spores, which then divide to form GAMETOPHYTE

Gametophyte-(Haploid) produce GAMETES by cell division, which fuse at fertilization, which results with the ZYGOTE being the first cell of the next SPOROPHYTE generation

Question 7

Pollen

Answer 7

-consists of the male GAMETOPHYTES of seed plants, each pollen grain produces a sperm

Question 8

Seeds

Answer 8

-contain DIPLOID embryo tat will germinate into a SPOROPHYTE

Question 9

Explain how Gymnosperms are different from Ferns, in terms of reproduction?

Answer 9

-gymnosperms require wind to pollinate but ferns need water for the sperm to swim through

Question 10

Angiosperms vs Gymnosperms in terms of reproduction

Answer 10

THERE SEEDS ARE DEVELOPED DIFFERENTLY!

Angiosperms-the seeds develop in the ovaries of flowers and are surrounded by a protective fruit

Gymnosperms-seeds are usually formed in unisexual cones, known as Strobili, and the plant lacks fruit or flowers

Question 11

Which produces flowers and fruit?

Answer 11

ANGIOSPERMS

Question 12

What adaptation in land plants allowed them to reproduce over great distance?

Answer 12

-the evolution of seeds allowed plants to reproduce independently of water, pollen allows them to disperse great distances

Question 13

Contrast the functions of fruits and seeds

Answer 13

Fruits-protect their seeds, store food inside of them, helps in dispersal of the seed inside them, facilitates germination

Seeds-nourishes the embryo, dispersal to new locations, dormancy during unfavorable conditions

Question 14

Role of Ethylene in a plant?

Answer 14

-regulates growth and senescence