Ch 13: Evidence of Evolution (Exam 4)

Question 1

Identify characteristics shared by birds and non-avian dinosaurs which make flight possible

Answer 1

-wings, feathers, toothed jaw, long bony tail

Question 2

What does paleontology study?

Answer 2

-the study of fossil remains and other clues of past life

Question 3

What is the chemical compound that increased in abundance in the Earths atmosphere during the Proterozoic Eon and supported the evolution of eukaryotes?

Answer 3

O2 from photosynthesis

Question 4

What is the evidence suggesting Oklahoma was once covered in ocean?

Answer 4

-the abundant remains of extinct marine animals called ammonites indicate that a vast shallow ocean was there

Question 5

Different examples of types of fossils

Answer 5

COMPRESSION-leaves
PETRIFICATION-bones
IMPRESSION-footprints
CAST-organism leaving print in mud that is then filled up
INTACT PRESERVATION-frozen remains

Question 6

Explain how absolute dating uses radioactive isotopes to estimate the age of fossils

Answer 6

-it uses the carbon and nitrogen isotopes or the effects of radiation the structure as a clock

Question 7

Define “Pangaea”

Answer 7

the ancient super continent where all continents were joined

Question 8

Describe how marsupials are unique among mammals, in terms of their reproductive biology

Answer 8

-they are tiny, hairless, blind, and helpless when they are born, as opposed to mammals that develop and nourish in the uterus

Question 9

Explain why some islands in SE Asia have fauna more like mainland Asia, while others have fauna more like Australia

Answer 9

-species that once were able to migrate were prevented by the watery barrier “Wallaces Line” so it produced unique variety of organisms on each side of the line

Question 10

What does it mean if two structures in different organisms are “homologous vs analogous”?

Answer 10

Homologous-if the similarities between them reflect common ancestry

Analogous-the structures evolved independently

Question 11

Covergent Evolution

Answer 11

-produces similar adaptations in organisms that do not share the same evolutionary lineage
-often produces analogous structures

Question 12

Homeotic Genes

Answer 12

-encode proteins that regulate development

Question 13

Explain why different mutations accumulate in two species once they diverge, evolutionary speaking

Answer 13

-because they are no longer mating and exchanging mutated genes