Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIO 181: College Biology I > Ch 36: Animal Endocrine Systems > Flashcards

Ch 36: Animal Endocrine Systems Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Endocrine System

A

A system of cells and glands that secretes hormones into the bloodstream and works with the nervous system to regulate an animal’s internal physiological functions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hormones

A

A chemical signal that influences physiology and development in both plants and animals; in animals, hormones are released into the bloodstream and circulate throughout the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Molting

A

Periodic shedding, as of an exoskeleton.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Metamorphasis

A

The process in some animals in which the body changes dramatically at key stages in development.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Neurosecretory cells

A

A neuron in the vertebrate hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary gland that secretes hormones into the bloodstream.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

An endocrine gland located at the base of the vertebrate brain that produces a number of different hormones and controls many of the other organs of the endocrine system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Homeostasis

A

The active regulation and maintenance, in organisms, organs, or cells, of a stable internal physiological state in the face of a changing external environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Negative Feedback

A

The effect in which the final product of a biochemical pathway inhibits the first step; the process in which a stimulus acts on a sensor that communicates with an effector, producing a response that opposes the initial stimulus. Negative feedback is used to maintain steady conditions, or homeostasis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Positive Feedback

A

In the nervous and endocrine systems, a type of feedback in which a stimulus causes a response that leads to an enhancement of the original stimulus that leads to a larger response in the same direction. The process reinforces itself until interrupted.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Peptide Hormones

A

A hormone that is a short chain of linked amino acids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Amine Hormones

A

A hormone that is derived from a single aromatic amino acid, such as tyrosine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Steroid Hormones

A

A hormone that is derived from cholesterol.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Releasing Hormones

A

A peptide hormone that binds to receptors on cells in the anterior pituitary gland, leading that organ to release a much larger amount of the associ­ated hormones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Anterior Pituitary Gland

A

A peptide hormone that binds to receptors on cells in the anterior pituitary gland, leading that organ to release a much larger amount of the associ­ated hormones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Posterior Pituitary Gland

A

An endocrine organ that forms the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; it develops from neural tissue at the base of the brain and contains axons of neurosecretory cells from the hypothalamus that secrete releasing hormones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Tropic Hormones

A

A hormone that controls the release of other hormones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Oxytocin

A

A hormone released by the posterior pituitary gland that causes uterine contraction during labor and stimulates the release of milk during breastfeeding.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Antidiuretic Hormone/ vasopressin

A

A posterior pituitary gland hormone that acts on the kidneys and controls the water permeability of the collecting ducts, thus regulating the concentration of urine that an animal excretes; also known as vasopressin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Thyroid Gland

A

A gland located in the front of the vertebrate neck that leads to the release of two peptide hormones, thyroxine and triiodothyronine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Ovaries

A

in animals, the female gonad where eggs are produced.

21
Q

Testes

A

The male gonad, where sperm are produced.

22
Q

Adrenal Glands

A

Paired glands located adjacent to the kidneys that secrete cortisol in times of stress.

23
Q

Parathyroid Gland

A

A gland adjacent to the thyroid gland that secretes parathyroid hormone (PTH), which, with calcitonin, regulates the actions of bone cells and levels of calcium in the blood.

24
Q

Pineal Gland

A

A gland located in the thalamic region of the brain that responds to autonomic nervous system input by secreting melatonin, which controls wakefulness.

25
Q

Adrenal Medula

A

The inner part of the adrenal gland, which is stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system to secrete norepinephrine.

26
Q

Acclimitization

A

An adaptive change in body function to a new environment.

27
Q

Pheremones

A

A water- or airborne chemical compound released by animals into the environment that signals and influences the behavior of other members of their species.

28
Q

The two main classes of hormones are:

A

amine/peptide hormones and steroid hormones.

29
Q

When iodine intake is too low, the anterior pituitary gland _____.

A

increases TSH production

30
Q

Growth factors are examples of which type of chemical signal?

A

paracrine signals

31
Q

In Type I diabetes, the body fails to produce insulin and, thus, individuals must inject themselves with insulin before eating. Based on your knowledge of the control of glucose levels in the blood, what would happen if Type I diabetics injected themselves with too much insulin?

A

Their blood sugar levels would drop to potentially dangerous low levels.

32
Q

Oxytocin and cholecystokinin are transported through the bloodstream and arrive at the uterus at the same time. Why does oxytocin cause the uterus to contract, whereas cholecystokinin has no effect?

A

The uterus has receptors for oxytocin, but not for cholecystokinin.

33
Q

An individual who is experiencing a prolonged period of stress would likely have _____ levels of circulating _____ than an individual who was not experiencing stress.

A

higher; cortisol

34
Q

Chemical signals that are released by one cell and act locally on neighboring cells are referred to as:

A

paracrine signals.

35
Q

Which insect hormone acts on the body tissues to stimulate molting and metamorphosis?

A

ecdysone

36
Q

The same hormone stimulates gene expression in one cell, but inhibits gene expression in another cell. What is the best explanation for this difference?

A

The two cells have different types of receptors for the hormone.

37
Q

In vertebrates, which structure frequently serves as the first intermediary between the areas of the brain that perceive sensory stimuli and the rest of the endocrine system?

A

the hypothalamus

38
Q

_____ are chemical signals that, instead of being secreted into the bloodstream, are introduced by animals into their habitats. They can be used to attract mates and mark territories.

A

Pheremones

39
Q

_____, which is released from _____, acts on the ovaries and testes.

A

Follicle-stimulating hormone; the anterior pituitary gland

40
Q

T/F: The production of pheromones is seen in many different types of organisms.

A

True

41
Q

T/F: The nervous system transmits signals between adjacent cells using neurotransmitters, whereas the endocrine system signals with hormones.

A

True

42
Q

Receptors for _____ hormones are located on the plasma membrane and affect target cells by _____.

A

amine; activating protein kinase enzymes

43
Q

If ACTH secretion is inhibited, what will be the result?

A

The adrenal glands will not release cortisol.

44
Q

A botanist working in the Amazon rain forest discovers a new species of orchid. Interestingly, males, but not females, of a certain wasp species keep visiting the flowers of these orchids. Why?

A

The orchid might produce a pheromone similar to that produced by female wasps.

45
Q

T/F: Small amounts of hormones have large effects on an organism’s physiology because the signals are amplified between glands and tissues in an endocrine axis and within the signal transduction systems of individual cells.

A

True

46
Q

T/F: Hormone receptors evolved later than many of the hormones with which they now interact.

A

False

47
Q

T/F: Peptide hormones can evolve through changes in their amino acid sequence.

A

True

48
Q

Steroid hormones are derived from:

A

Cholesterol

BIO 181: College Biology I (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions