Ch 25: Eukaryotic Cells Flashcards
Haploid
Describes a cell with one complete set of chromosomes.
Diploid
Describes a cell with two complete sets of chromosomes.
Zygote
The diploid cell formed by the fusion of two gametes.
Symbiont
An organism that lives in closely evolved association with another species.
Symbiosis
A close interaction that has evolved between species that live together, often interdependently.
Endosymbiosis
A symbiosis in which one partner lives within the other.
Protist
An organism with cells having a nucleus but lacking other features specific to plants, animals, or fungi.
Algae
A photosynthetic protist.
Protozoa
A heterotrophic protist.
Tests
A “house” constructed of organic molecules with or without precipitated minerals or adhering sediment grains that shelters a protist.
Superkingdom
One of seven major groups of eukaryotic organisms, classified by molecular sequence comparisons.
Choanoflagelletes
The closest protistan relatives of animals; mostly unicellular protists characterized by a ring of microvilli around the cell’s single flagellum.
Amoebozoa
A superkingdom of eukaryotes with amoeba-like cells that move and gather food by means of pseudopodia.
Coenocytic
Containing many nuclei within one giant cell; the nucleus divides multiple times, but the nuclei are not partitioned into individual cells.
Archaeplastida
A eukaryotic superkingdom of photosynthetic organisms; includes the land plants.
Stamenopiles
A eukaryotic superkingdom including unicellular organisms, giant kelps, algae, protozoa, free-living cells, and parasites; distinguished by a flagellum with two rows of stiff hairs and, usually, a second, smooth flagellum.
Alveolata
A eukaryotic superkingdom, defined by the presence of cortical alveoli, small vesicles that, in some species, store calcium ions. Includes ciliates, dinoflagellates, and apicomplexans.
Microfossil
A microscopic fossil, including fossils of bacteria and protists.
The majority of prokaryotic DNA is arrayed in:
a single circular chromosome.
T/F: The only known eukaryotic-bacterial symbioses are the two that explain the development of the chloroplasts and mitochondria.
False
T/F: The term coenocytic refers to a giant cell containing many nuclei.
True
T/F: Diatoms appeared during the Mesozoic Era, and the skeletons of these organisms contributed to the accumulation of sediments on the deep seafloor.
True
In plasmodial slime molds, what structure is responsible for producing the haploid cells that disperse into the environment?
sporangium
You are in a lab studying a newly discovered cell type. You observe a rigid cytoskeleton in this cell, along with a nucleus and a compartmentalized interior. How would you classify this cell?
as a possible transitional cell changing from prokaryotic to eukaryotic
