Ch 25: Eukaryotic Cells

Question 1

Haploid

Answer 1

Describes a cell with one complete set of chromosomes.

Question 2

Diploid

Answer 2

Describes a cell with two complete sets of chromosomes.

Question 3

Zygote

Answer 3

The diploid cell formed by the fusion of two gametes.

Question 4

Symbiont

Answer 4

An organism that lives in closely evolved association with another species.

Question 5

Symbiosis

Answer 5

A close interaction that has evolved between species that live together, often interdependently.

Question 6

Endosymbiosis

Answer 6

A symbiosis in which one partner lives within the other.

Question 7

Protist

Answer 7

An organism with cells having a nucleus but lacking other features specific to plants, animals, or fungi.

Question 8

Algae

Answer 8

A photosynthetic protist.

Question 9

Protozoa

Answer 9

A heterotrophic protist.

Question 10

Tests

Answer 10

A “house” constructed of organic molecules with or without precipitated minerals or adhering sediment grains that shelters a protist.

Question 11

Superkingdom

Answer 11

One of seven major groups of eukaryotic organisms, classified by molecular sequence comparisons.

Question 12

Choanoflagelletes

Answer 12

The closest protistan relatives of animals; mostly unicellular protists characterized by a ring of microvilli around the cell’s single flagellum.

Question 13

Amoebozoa

Answer 13

A superkingdom of eukaryotes with amoeba-like cells that move and gather food by means of pseudopodia.

Question 14

Coenocytic

Answer 14

Containing many nuclei within one giant cell; the nucleus divides multiple times, but the nuclei are not partitioned into individual cells.

Question 15

Archaeplastida

Answer 15

A eukaryotic superkingdom of photosynthetic organisms; includes the land plants.

Question 16

Stamenopiles

Answer 16

A eukaryotic superkingdom including unicellular organisms, giant kelps, algae, protozoa, free-living cells, and parasites; distinguished by a flagellum with two rows of stiff hairs and, usually, a second, smooth flagellum.

Question 17

Alveolata

Answer 17

A eukaryotic superkingdom, defined by the presence of cortical alveoli, small vesicles that, in some species, store calcium ions. Includes ciliates, dinoflagellates, and apicomplexans.

Question 18

Microfossil

Answer 18

A microscopic fossil, including fossils of bacteria and protists.

Question 19

The majority of prokaryotic DNA is arrayed in:

Answer 19

a single circular chromosome.

Question 20

T/F: The only known eukaryotic-bacterial symbioses are the two that explain the development of the chloroplasts and mitochondria.

Answer 20

False

Question 21

T/F: The term coenocytic refers to a giant cell containing many nuclei.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

T/F: Diatoms appeared during the Mesozoic Era, and the skeletons of these organisms contributed to the accumulation of sediments on the deep seafloor.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

In plasmodial slime molds, what structure is responsible for producing the haploid cells that disperse into the environment?

Answer 23

sporangium

Question 24

You are in a lab studying a newly discovered cell type. You observe a rigid cytoskeleton in this cell, along with a nucleus and a compartmentalized interior. How would you classify this cell?

Answer 24

as a possible transitional cell changing from prokaryotic to eukaryotic