Ch 36 & 37

Question 1

Innate behavior

Answer 1

behavior in which a range of environmental differences among individuals do not alter (instinct)

Question 2

Altruism

Answer 2

selflessness

Question 3

6 kinds of learned behaviors

Answer 3

imprinting, habituation, associative learning, observational learning, cognition, social behavior

Question 4

Imprinting

Answer 4

an animal will form an irreversible bond with the first moving object it sees in its first few hours of life

Question 5

Habituation

Answer 5

learning not to respond to a stimulus

Question 6

Associative Learning

Answer 6

animals learn to associate one stimulus with another

Question 7

2 types of associative learning and what they mean

Answer 7

 Classical Conditioning – learning to associate an arbitrary stimulus
with a particular outcome (i.e., ringing bell before feeding dog)
 Operant Conditioning – “trial and error” – associate behavior with a
reward or punishment, then tend to repeat or avoid behavior; (i.e.,
rat pushing lever to obtain food)

Question 8

Ecology

Answer 8

study of relationships among organisms and their environment

Question 9

Order of ecology

Answer 9

Biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, species

Question 10

Type 1 Survivorship

Answer 10

Low death rates, care for young (humans, elephants)

Question 11

Type 2 Survivorship

Answer 11

Equal chance of dying at any age (many birds and mammals)

Question 12

Type 3 Survivorship

Answer 12

High death rates (fish, most invertebrates, plants)

Question 13

Opportunistic life history

Answer 13

short lived, reproduce at an early age

Question 14

Equilibrium life history

Answer 14

long lived, mature late

Question 15

4 regulation factors in maintaining carrying capacity

Answer 15

Predation, migration, territoriality, stress