ch 12 Flashcards
definition of evolution
descent of organisms with modification over long periods of time
True or false: evolution occurs in individuals
false
Microevolution and an example
refers to small generational changes ex. pesticide resistance
Macroevolution and an example
refers to similar changes over long periods of time and can result in a new species ex. dinosaurs to birds
Who is the father of evolution?
Charles Darwin
What did Aristotle recognize?
All organisms are ranged from very simple to complex, all members of a species were usually created identical to one another, believed for 2000 years
Georges-Louis Buffon was one of the first to believe that…
closely related species arose from a common ancestor and were changing over time
What theory did James Hutton propose /Charles Lyell made popular and what did it mean?
Uniformitarianism: changes to the earth’s geology have resulted from continuous processes such as sedimentation and erosion
What is James Hutton Considered?
Father of Geology
Who was the first to conduct the first detailed study of fossils?
Georges Cuvier
What did Georges Cuvier confirm?
life evolved from simple to more complex forms
What theory did Georges Cuvier come up with and what did it mean?
Catastrophism: global catastrophies caused widespread extinctions of species on Earth, species were replaced by a new set of species, most geological formations were caused by catastrophies
Who created the Principle of Superposition and what was it?
Georges Cuvier: fossils below are older than fossils above
Who proposed the first scientifically testable theory of evolution?
Jean Baptiste de Lemarck
What did Jean Baptiste suggest?
Transformational Evolution: suggested that fossils were ancestors of living species and features had modified over time in response to changes in environment
What are the three major views of earths changes and what do they mean?
- Catastrophism: catastrophic events are responsible for mass extinctions and formations
- Gradualism: small increments of changes are made to Earth over long periods of time
- Uniformitarianism: continuous processes that are still occurring today cause great change over time
Who was the first to propose natural selection?
Charles Darwin
What does the Galapagos Finch signify?
Descent with Modification
What was Darwin’s book named?
The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection
Who had the same idea and pressured Darwin to publish his book?
Wallace
Who Influenced Darwin and how?
Thomas Malthus with his Essay on the Principle of Population
Thomas Malthus 3 Influences on Population
- Environment
- Catastrophies
- Food availability
3 principles in Nature for All Organisms
A. characteristics are inherited from parent to offspring
B. More offspring are produced than are able to survive
C. Offspring are different from each other in regard to characteristics and variations which are inherited
3 Logical Points of Natural Selection
Hereditary: within a species, no two are alike
Limited Resources: each habitat only has so much of a resource
Overproduction: more organisms are produced to ensure enough organisms survive
