ch 21a

Question 1

where do tissues develop from in animals?

Answer 1

embryonic layers

Question 2

do eukaryotic cells in animals have cell walls?

Answer 2

no

Question 3

animals have blastula which is:

Answer 3

hollow ball stage of development

Question 4

where do cells bind to in animals?

Answer 4

extracellular matrix

Question 5

most animals and only animals have Hox genes which:

Answer 5

regulate the development of body form

Question 6

Most animals are invertebrates or vertebrates

Answer 6

invertebrates

Question 7

Vertebrates include

Answer 7

mammals, amphibians, reptiles and fish

Question 8

When animals reproduce sexually, what is the dominant stage?

Answer 8

Diploid

Question 9

Cleavage

Answer 9

after the sperm fertilizes an egg, the zygote undergoes rapid cell division

Question 10

What does cleavage lead to?

Answer 10

formation of a multicellular, hollow blastula

Question 11

Gastrulation

Answer 11

a process blastula undergoes that forms a gastrula with different layers of embryonic tissues

Question 12

Radial symmetry

Answer 12

no front and back or left and right

Question 13

Bilateral symmetry

Answer 13

two sided symmetry

Question 14

4 Things bilateral symmetry has

Answer 14

1. dorsal (top side), ventral (bottom side)
2. a right and left side
3. anterior (head), posterior (tail)
4. cephalization: development of head

Question 15

Tissues

Answer 15

collections of specialized cells isolated from other tissues by membranous layers

Question 16

3 germ layers

Answer 16

ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm

Question 17

Ectoderm

Answer 17

the germ layer covering the embryo’s surface

Question 18

Endoderm

Answer 18

the innermost germ layer and lines the developing digestive tube, called the archenteron

Question 19

Mesoderm

Answer 19

middle layer develops into notochord, the lining of the coelom,
muscles, skeleton, gonads, kidneys, & most of the circulatory system

Question 20

Who possesses body cavities?

Answer 20

most triploblastic organisms (all 3 germ layers)

Question 21

Coelom

Answer 21

true body cavity derived from a mesoderm

Question 22

Coelomates

Answer 22

animals that possess a true coelom

Question 23

pseudocoelom

Answer 23

a body cavity derived from a mesoderm and endoderm

Question 24

pseudocoelomates

Answer 24

triploblastic animals that posses a pseudocoelom

Question 25

acoelomates

Answer 25

triploblastic animals that lack a body cavity

Question 26

Animals have an incomplete digestive tract if

Answer 26

the mouth both takes in food and ejects wastes

Question 27

Animals have a complete digestive tract if

Answer 27

food passes in one direction from mouth to anus

Question 28

Segmented bodies

Answer 28

more flexible and have more potential for developing specialized body parts

Question 29

Organisms that undergo protostome development

Answer 29

flatworms, roundworms, annelids, mollusks, arthropods

Question 30

Organisms that undergo deuterostome development

Answer 30

echinoderms, chordates

Question 31

Protostome cleavage

Answer 31

spiral and determinate cleavage

Question 32

Protostome coelom formation

Answer 32

by splitting of solid masses of mesoderm forms the coelom

Question 33

Protostome fate of blastopore

Answer 33

blastopore becomes mouth

Question 34

Deuterostome cleavage

Answer 34

Radial and indeterminate cleavage

Question 35

Deuterostome coelom formation

Answer 35

The mesoderm buds from the wall of
the archenteron (inner pouch of
gastrula) to form the coelom

Question 36

Deuterostome fate of blastophore

Answer 36

blastophore becomes anus

Question 37

How many major phyla of animals?

Answer 37

9

Question 38

Do parazoans have true tissue and what are they?

Answer 38

Sponges

Question 39

Do eumetazoans have true tissue?

Answer 39

Yes