ch 14 pt 2

Question 1

what does the classification system reflect?

Answer 1

evolutionary history, common descent

Question 2

Order of the taxonomic groups

Answer 2

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, genus, species

Question 3

Phylogeny

Answer 3

the evolutionary history of a species or group of related species

Question 4

Phylogenetics

Answer 4

the study of evolutionary genetics among species

Question 5

Systematics

Answer 5

the study of classification

Question 6

Taxonomy

Answer 6

the study of naming and classifying organisms

Question 7

What species are in the same Domain and Kingdom?

Answer 7

Fly and squid

Question 8

What species are in the same domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order and family?

Answer 8

Chimpanzee and orangutan

Question 9

Who introduced a system for grouping species in increasingly broad categories?

Answer 9

Linnaeus

Question 10

Taxon

Answer 10

a taxanomic unit at any level of hierarchy

Question 11

Phylogenetic trees

Answer 11

one way systematists depict evolutionary relationships

Question 12

True or False: phylogenetic trees indicate when species evolved and how much change occurred in lineage

Answer 12

false

Question 13

Should it be assumed that a taxon evolved from the taxon next to it?

Answer 13

No

Question 14

What is the most useful way to construct the phylogeny?

Answer 14

Cladistic approach

Question 15

What are the three things phylogeny uses information about?

Answer 15

Morphologies, genes, and biochemistry

Question 16

Homologies

Answer 16

Phenotypic and genetic similarities due to shared ancestry

Question 17

Molecular homoplasies are a

Answer 17

coincidence

Question 18

Molecular systematics

Answer 18

uses DNA and other molecular data to determine evolutionary relationships

Question 19

Clade

Answer 19

a group of species that includes an ancestral species and all its descendants

Question 20

Monophyletic

Answer 20

when a clade is valid, signifies that it consists of the ancestor species and all its descendants

Question 21

Shared derived character

Answer 21

an evolutionary novelty unique to a particular clade

Question 22

Shared ancestral character

Answer 22

a character that originated in an ancestor of the taxon

Question 23

When inferring evolutionary relationships, what is useful to know?

Answer 23

in which clade a shared derived character first appeared

Question 24

What does the best hypotheses consist of?

Answer 24

fits the most morphological, molecular and fossil data

Question 25

What four characteristics do birds and crocodiles share?

Answer 25

four-chambered heart, song, nest building, and brooding

Question 26

what did early taxonomists classify all species as?

Answer 26

either plants or animals

Question 27

What were the first 5 kingdoms to be recognized?

Answer 27

Monera (prokaryotes), protista, plantae, fungi, and animalia

Question 28

3 Domains

Answer 28

Eukarya, archae, and bacteria

Question 29

what is the 3 domain system supported by?

Answer 29

data from many sequenced Classification Schemes genomes

Question 30

Relationship of eukary, archaea, and bacteria

Answer 30

Eukaryotes and archaea are more closely related to each other than bactera

Question 31

What is the tree of life based largely on?

Answer 31

RNA genes (evolved slowly)

Question 32

Horizontal gene transfer

Answer 32

the movement of genes from one genome to another

Question 33

how does horizontal gene transfer occur?

Answer 33

exchange of transposable elements and plasmids, viral infection, and fusion of organisms

Question 34

How does horizontal gene transfer effect the tree of life?

Answer 34

complicates efforts

Question 35

Paraphyletic

Answer 35

a group that shares its common ancestors but not all of its descendents