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Biology 2 > ch 19 > Flashcards

ch 19 Flashcards

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1
Q

Are plants multicellular and do they have embryos?

A

Yes to both, embryos are dependent and protected

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2
Q

What are the protected produced in multicelluar gametangia called?

A

archegonia and antherida

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3
Q

What type of life cycle do plants have?

A

Alternation of generations

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4
Q

Who did plants evolve from?

A

Green algae

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5
Q

What do the major evolutionary events in plants include?

A

The origins of vascular tissue, pollen and seeds, and flowers

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6
Q

In bryophytes, what is the dominant generation?

A

leafy gametophyte

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7
Q

In vascular plants, what is the dominant generation?

A

sporophyte (2n) generation

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8
Q

What happens to the gametophyte generation as we move from bryophytes to angiosperms?

A

It becomes less conspicuous (sporophytes become more conspicious)

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9
Q

What defines each plant group?

A

The presence or absence of vascular tissue, pollen and seeds, and flowers

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10
Q

What is a more recent adaptation that separates plants from the nonvascular bryophytes?

A

Vascular tissue

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11
Q

What are nonvascular plants called and what do they lack?

A

Bryophytes, true leaves and roots

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12
Q

Bryophytes include

A

Mosses, liverworts, or hornworts

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13
Q

What is the least complex group of plants

A

Bryophytes

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14
Q

What are vascular plants commonly called?

A

Tracheophytes

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15
Q

What are the 3 non-seed vascular plants?

A

Ferns, club mosses, and horsetails

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16
Q

How are seedless vascular plants (ferns) unlike the mosses?

A

The sporophyte of the plant is the green, leafy dominant generation

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17
Q

What do mosses and ferns sperm cells have in common?

A

They are flagellated that are dependent on external water for fertilization, also require the gameotophyte to remaind small in order for the sperm to swim from antherium to archegonium

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18
Q

What role do bryophytes play in the plant kingdom?

A

Secondary role, used in plant nurseries for potting and keeping soil moist

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19
Q

What is peat from spaghnum bags used for?

A

Fuel

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20
Q

Non-Seed Vascular role in plant kingdom

A

secondary role, that is what coal is made from

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21
Q

5 characteristics of a seed

A
  1. Multicellular
  2. Resistant seed coat
  3. Embryo with leaves, stem, and a root
  4. Endosperm- food reserve
  5. Can travel miles
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22
Q

5 characteristics of a spore

A
  1. Single cell
  2. Cell wall protection
  3. DNA molecules
  4. No food reserve
  5. Limited dissemination
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23
Q

2 types of seed plants

A

Gymnosperms and angiosperms

24
Q

4 groups of gymnosperms

A

Cycads, Ginkgos, Conifers, Gnetophytes

25
Q

Gymnosperms are ____ seed plants

A

naked

26
Q

Vegetative Organs in angiosperms

A
  1. roots
  2. stems
  3. leaves
27
Q

Reproductive organs in angiosperms

A
  1. flowers
  2. seeds
  3. fruits
28
Q

Cotyledons

A

embryonic seed leaves

29
Q

Leaf venation

A

vascular tissue (veins) form patterns in leaves

30
Q

Vascular bundle and what they include

A

groups of food and water conducting cells that run lengthwise throughout the stem (phloem, xylem and fiber)

31
Q

Xylem, Phloem, Pith

A

internal tissue of roots, stems, and leaves

32
Q

xylem

A

water conducting cells

33
Q

phloem

A

food conducting cells

34
Q

Pith

A

nondescript, tissue that fills in internal spaces of some roots and stems

35
Q

tracheid

A

xylem that conducts water and minerals through the pits

36
Q

Vessel Elements

A

xylem that conducts water and minerals through pits and end walls

37
Q

Sieve tube elements

A

phloem that conducts dissolved sucrose and other organic compounds through sieve plates

38
Q

Companion cells

A

phloem that transfers materials into and out of sieve elements

39
Q

Vascular cylinder

A

single group of vascular tissue extending lenghtwise in roots

40
Q

Secondary growth

A

woody tissues in plants

41
Q

Herbaceous

A

plants that never develop woody tissue

42
Q

Flower parts

A

Petal, sepal, carpel, stamen

43
Q

Male reproductive parts include the:

A

stamen (anther and filament)

44
Q

Female reproductive parts include:

A

Carpel (stigma, style, ovule and ovary)

45
Q

2/3 of angiosperms are

A

dicots

46
Q

8 monocot characteristics

A

-one cotyledon
-linear leaves
-parallel leaf venation
-vascular bundles scattered
-fibrous roots
-flower parts 3’s
-herbaceous
-pith center vascular cylinder

47
Q

8 Dicot (eudicot) characteristics

A

-two cotyledons
-broad leaves
-branched or netted venation
-vascular bundles in ring
-tap roots
-flower parts 4’s or 5’s
-woody or herbaceous
-star-shaped vascular cylinder

48
Q

What is unique to angiosperms?

A

Double-fertilization

49
Q

How does double-fertilization work?

A

the pollen-tube releases two sperm nuclei, one fertilized the egg which forms a zygote (2n), the other fertilizes two haploid polar nuclei, forming a triploid endosperm

50
Q

Where does the fruit develop from in angiosperms?

A

The ovary

51
Q

How many acres of land are being cleared in the tropics per year?

A

55000 km2

52
Q

Liverworts

A

phylum Marchantiophyta

53
Q

Hornworts

A

phylum Anthocertophyta

54
Q

Mosses

A

phylum Bryophyta

55
Q

Polytrichum commune

A

hairy-cap moss

Biology 2 (13 decks)

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