ch 19

Question 1

Are plants multicellular and do they have embryos?

Answer 1

Yes to both, embryos are dependent and protected

Question 2

What are the protected produced in multicelluar gametangia called?

Answer 2

archegonia and antherida

Question 3

What type of life cycle do plants have?

Answer 3

Alternation of generations

Question 4

Who did plants evolve from?

Answer 4

Green algae

Question 5

What do the major evolutionary events in plants include?

Answer 5

The origins of vascular tissue, pollen and seeds, and flowers

Question 6

In bryophytes, what is the dominant generation?

Answer 6

leafy gametophyte

Question 7

In vascular plants, what is the dominant generation?

Answer 7

sporophyte (2n) generation

Question 8

What happens to the gametophyte generation as we move from bryophytes to angiosperms?

Answer 8

It becomes less conspicuous (sporophytes become more conspicious)

Question 9

What defines each plant group?

Answer 9

The presence or absence of vascular tissue, pollen and seeds, and flowers

Question 10

What is a more recent adaptation that separates plants from the nonvascular bryophytes?

Answer 10

Vascular tissue

Question 11

What are nonvascular plants called and what do they lack?

Answer 11

Bryophytes, true leaves and roots

Question 12

Bryophytes include

Answer 12

Mosses, liverworts, or hornworts

Question 13

What is the least complex group of plants

Answer 13

Bryophytes

Question 14

What are vascular plants commonly called?

Answer 14

Tracheophytes

Question 15

What are the 3 non-seed vascular plants?

Answer 15

Ferns, club mosses, and horsetails

Question 16

How are seedless vascular plants (ferns) unlike the mosses?

Answer 16

The sporophyte of the plant is the green, leafy dominant generation

Question 17

What do mosses and ferns sperm cells have in common?

Answer 17

They are flagellated that are dependent on external water for fertilization, also require the gameotophyte to remaind small in order for the sperm to swim from antherium to archegonium

Question 18

What role do bryophytes play in the plant kingdom?

Answer 18

Secondary role, used in plant nurseries for potting and keeping soil moist

Question 19

What is peat from spaghnum bags used for?

Answer 19

Fuel

Question 20

Non-Seed Vascular role in plant kingdom

Answer 20

secondary role, that is what coal is made from

Question 21

5 characteristics of a seed

Answer 21

1. Multicellular
2. Resistant seed coat
3. Embryo with leaves, stem, and a root
4. Endosperm- food reserve
5. Can travel miles

Question 22

5 characteristics of a spore

Answer 22

1. Single cell
2. Cell wall protection
3. DNA molecules
4. No food reserve
5. Limited dissemination

Question 23

2 types of seed plants

Answer 23

Gymnosperms and angiosperms

Question 24

4 groups of gymnosperms

Answer 24

Cycads, Ginkgos, Conifers, Gnetophytes

Question 25

Gymnosperms are ____ seed plants

Answer 25

naked

Question 26

Vegetative Organs in angiosperms

Answer 26

1. roots 2. stems 3. leaves

Question 27

Reproductive organs in angiosperms

Answer 27

1. flowers 2. seeds 3. fruits

Question 28

Cotyledons

Answer 28

embryonic seed leaves

Question 29

Leaf venation

Answer 29

vascular tissue (veins) form patterns in leaves

Question 30

Vascular bundle and what they include

Answer 30

groups of food and water conducting cells that run lengthwise throughout the stem (phloem, xylem and fiber)

Question 31

Xylem, Phloem, Pith

Answer 31

internal tissue of roots, stems, and leaves

Question 32

xylem

Answer 32

water conducting cells

Question 33

phloem

Answer 33

food conducting cells

Question 34

Pith

Answer 34

nondescript, tissue that fills in internal spaces of some roots and stems

Question 35

tracheid

Answer 35

xylem that conducts water and minerals through the pits

Question 36

Vessel Elements

Answer 36

xylem that conducts water and minerals through pits and end walls

Question 37

Sieve tube elements

Answer 37

phloem that conducts dissolved sucrose and other organic compounds through sieve plates

Question 38

Companion cells

Answer 38

phloem that transfers materials into and out of sieve elements

Question 39

Vascular cylinder

Answer 39

single group of vascular tissue extending lenghtwise in roots

Question 40

Secondary growth

Answer 40

woody tissues in plants

Question 41

Herbaceous

Answer 41

plants that never develop woody tissue

Question 42

Flower parts

Answer 42

Petal, sepal, carpel, stamen

Question 43

Male reproductive parts include the:

Answer 43

stamen (anther and filament)

Question 44

Female reproductive parts include:

Answer 44

Carpel (stigma, style, ovule and ovary)

Question 45

2/3 of angiosperms are

Answer 45

dicots

Question 46

8 monocot characteristics

Answer 46

-one cotyledon -linear leaves -parallel leaf venation -vascular bundles scattered -fibrous roots -flower parts 3's -herbaceous -pith center vascular cylinder

Question 47

8 Dicot (eudicot) characteristics

Answer 47

-two cotyledons -broad leaves -branched or netted venation -vascular bundles in ring -tap roots -flower parts 4's or 5's -woody or herbaceous -star-shaped vascular cylinder

Question 48

What is unique to angiosperms?

Answer 48

Double-fertilization

Question 49

How does double-fertilization work?

Answer 49

the pollen-tube releases two sperm nuclei, one fertilized the egg which forms a zygote (2n), the other fertilizes two haploid polar nuclei, forming a triploid endosperm

Question 50

Where does the fruit develop from in angiosperms?

Answer 50

The ovary

Question 51

How many acres of land are being cleared in the tropics per year?

Answer 51

55000 km2

Question 52

Liverworts

Answer 52

phylum Marchantiophyta

Question 53

Hornworts

Answer 53

phylum Anthocertophyta

Question 54

Mosses

Answer 54

phylum Bryophyta

Question 55

Polytrichum commune

Answer 55

hairy-cap moss