Ch. 32 Digestive System Organology Flashcards
1
Q
System of the body concerned with the breakdown of food and absorption of nutrients.
A
Digestive System
2
Q
Other names for the digestive system
A
Digestive tract
Gastrointestinal tact
Alimentary canal
3
Q
The organs of the digestive system exist as a continuous tube extending from the ___ to the ___
A
oral cavity to the anus
4
Q
Large, highly folded serous membrane located in the abdomen
A
Peritoneum
5
Q
The portion of the peritoneum that lines the inner surface of the abdominal wall
A
Parietal peritoneum
6
Q
Portion of the peritoneum that is located on the surface of the organs of the abdomen
A
Visceral peritoneum
7
Q
Cavity between the parietal and visceral peritoneum.
A
Peritoneal cavity
8
Q
Potential space filled with a thin film of fluid
A
Peritoneal cavity
9
Q
Entire peritoneal cavity is subdivided into ___ sacs.
A
Two
10
Q
The main portion of the peritoneal cavity.
A
Greater sac
11
Q
The greater sac of the peritoneal cavity extends from the ___ to the ___ and from the ____ to the ____
A
diaphragm to the pelvic floor
anterior abdominal wall to the posterior abdominal wall
12
Q
Another name for the lesser sac of the peritoneal cavity
A
omental bursa
13
Q
Smaller portion of the peritoneal cavity
A
Lesser sac (omental bursa)
14
Q
Omental bursa is located posterior to the ___ and extends upward behind gate ___ and downward into the ___
A
stomach; liver; greater omentum
15
Q
The only opening between the greater and lesser sacs of the peritoneal cavity is the
A
epiploic foramen of winslow
16
Q
The epiploic foramen of Winslow is bounded by :
A
Portal vein, hepatic artery proper, bile duct (in lesser omentum)
Duodenum (inferiorly)
IVC (posteriorly)
Liver (superiorly)
17
Q
Peritoneal folds and membranes are reflections of
A
Visceral peritoneum
18
Q
The falciform ligament extends from the __ to the ___
A
liver; anterior abdominal wall
19
Q
In the free edge of the falciform ligament
A
Round ligament of the liver
20
Q
The round ligament of is a remnant of
A
obliterated umbilical vein
21
Q
The greater omentum extends from the ____ to the ___
A
greater curvature of the stomach; transverse colon
22
Q
Forms a fatty apron over the small intestines
A
greater omentum
23
Q
The lesser omentum extends from the ___ to the ___
A
lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver
24
Q
The lesser omentum contains in it’s right free edge:
A
the bile duct, portal vein, and hepatic artery proper
25
Supports and suspends the jejunum and ileum from the posterior abdominal wall
mesentary
26
Suspends the transverse colon from the posterior abdominal wall
transverse mesocolon
27
suspends the sigmoid colon from the posterior abdominal wall
Sigmoid mesocolon
28
Structures located behind the peritoneum directly not he posterior abdominal wall
Retroperitoneal structures
29
Retroperitoneal structures
```
Duodenum
Ascending colon
Descending colon
Pancreas
Kidney and ureter
Aorta and IVC
```
30
The oral cavity contains the ______
Tongue
Teeth
Openings of the salivary glands
31
Skeletal muscular organ functioning in sense of taste, mastication and movement of food
Tongue
32
Functions of the tongue
Sense of taste
Mastication
Movement of food
33
Adult has __ teeth of ___ types
32; 4
34
Types of teeth
Incisors
Canines
Premolars
Molars
35
The three salivary glands are all _____ glands
exocrine; they are all drained by a duct.
36
All of the salivary glands are drained by a duct and empty the saliva into the ___
oral cavity
37
Salivary gland secretions
saliva
38
Salivary gland located just below the ear
Parotid gland
39
The parotid gland is drained by the
parotid duct
40
Salivary gland located just below the mandible and drained by the submandibular duct
submandibular gland
41
Submandibular gland was formerly called the
submaxillary gland
42
Gland located right below the tongue and is drained by the sublingual ducts (of a bartholin and rivinus)
sublingual gland
43
the pharynx is composed of ___
skeletal muscle
44
Function of the pharynx
swallowing
45
Three divisions of the pharynx
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
46
The nasopharynx is posterior to the
nasal cavity
47
the oropharynx is posterior to the
oral cavity
48
the laryngopharynx is posterior to
the larynx
49
Division of the pharynx that is continuous with the esophagus
laryngopharynx
50
Clinical name for the laryngopharynx
hypopharynx
51
Muscular tube extending 25 cm from the lower end of the pharynx (CV6) to the cardiac opening of the stomach (TV11) inferiorly
Esophagus
52
Esophagus extends from the ___ to the ___
lower end of the pharynx (CV6) to the cardiac opening of the stomach (TV11)
53
Three regional parts of the esophagus
Cervical
Thoracic
Abdominal
54
Regional part of the esophagus that is in the neck, where it lies posterior to the trachea
Cervical
55
Regional part of the esophagus that is in the thorax
Thoracic
56
The thoracic part of the esophagus lies posterior to the ___ in the upper half and the ___ in the lower half of the thorax
trachea; heart
57
The regional part of the esophagus that after piercing the diaphragm at the esophageal opening of the diaphragm, enters the abdomen
Abdominal
58
Where does the abdominal part of the esophagus pierce the diaphragm?
The esophageal opening of the diaphragm.
59
The abdominal part of the esophagus runs a short course in the abdomen and terminates by joining the ____ to form the ___
stomach; gastroesophageal junction
60
Arterial supply of the esophagus
Esophageal artery
Bronchial branches of aorta
Inferior thyroid
Esophageal branches of the left gastric
61
Esophagus is supplied superiorly by the
inferior thyroid (thyrocervical trunk, subclavian artery)
62
Esophagus is supplied interiorly from the
esophageal branches o the left gastric (celiac trunk)
63
Digestive organ responsible for the storage of food
stomach
64
The part of the stomach above the level of entrance into the esophagus
fundus
65
the part of the stomach located between the fungus and the pyloric part. it comprises the main mass
Body
66
Part of the stomach extending toward the right and lower part of the body of the stomach
pyloric part
67
The opening between the stomach and the first part of the duodenum
pyloric opening
68
The pyloric opening is surrounded by a circular smooth muscle:
pyloric sphincter
69
Two curvatures of the stomach
Greater
| Lesser
70
Name given to the margin of the stomach that courses over the fundus and inferiorly on the left side of the stomach to the inferior side of the pyloris.
Greater curvature
71
The greater curvature is a ___ curve in its entirety
convex
72
Connective tissue structure attached to the greater curvature, embedded with fat and is located between the stomach and the transverse colon
greater omentum
73
Name given to the margin of the stomach that is located on the right side of the stomach
Lesser curvature
74
Curve of the lesser curvature
Concave
75
Connective tissue structure attached to the lesser curvature in which fat is embedded but is located between the stomach and the liver
Lesser omentum
76
Two openings of the stomach
Cardiac and Pyloric
77
Opening of the stomach between the cavity of the esophagus and the cavity of the stomach
cardiac opening
78
Opening of the stomach located at the upper junction of the greater and lesser curvatures
cardiac opening
79
Internal surface of the stomach presents folds called
rugae
80
Arterial supply to the stomach
Right and left gastric
Short gastric
Right and left gastroepiploic arteries
81
The part of the intestine between the pyloric sphincter and the ileocecal junction
small intestine
82
length of small intestine
7 m
83
Diameter of the small gradually ___ through its length
Diminishes
84
Subdivisions of the small intestine
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
85
First part of the small intestine which extends from the pyloric sphincter to where it joins the jejunum.
duodenum
86
Duodenum is a C shaped organ with a ____ medial border receiving the opening of ducts draining the _____
concave; liver, gall bladder, pancreas
87
Duodenum is divided into four parts:
First (superior)
Second (descending)
Third (horizontal)
Fourth (ascending)
88
Segment of the duodenum that receives bile and pancreatic juices
Second
89
Courses upward to the suspensory ligament of the duodenum, where it leads to the duodenal-jejunal flexure
Fourth (ascending)
90
Another name for suspensory ligament of the duodenum
Suspensory ligament of Treitz
91
Arterial supply to the duodenum
Pancreaticoduodenal arteries (arising from gastroduodenal)
SMA
Additional branches from the gastroduodenal artery
92
Proximal two fifths of the remainder of the small intestine
Jejunum
93
The jejunum is supplied by
The jejunal branches of the small mesenteric artery
94
Distal three fifths of the remainder of the small intestine.
Ileum
95
The ileum is supplied by
Ileal branches of the ileocolic artery from the superior mesenteric artery
96
is there a morphological line between the jejunum and the ileum?
No
97
The jejunum and ileum are highly coiled structures suspended from the posterior abdominal wall by a connective tissue structure :
mesentary
98
Junction of the ileum portion of the small intestine and the cecum of the large intestine
Ileocecal junction
99
Opening between the men of the ileum and the lumen of the cecum
Ileocecal opening
100
The ileocecal opening is guarded by the
ileocecal valve
101
Part of the intestine extending from the ileocecal junction to the anus
Large intestine or colon
102
Subdivisions of the large intestine
```
cecum
veriform appendix
ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
```
103
Part of the large intestine that lies at and below the level of entrance of the ileum
cecum
104
lymphatic organ attached to the posteromedial surface of the cecum.
vermiform appendix
105
portion of the large intestine that extends superiorly from the right side of the posterior abdominal wall to the liver
ascending colon
106
Because the ascending colon cannot course above the liver, it bends, forming the _____ and courses to the left
right colic or hepatic flexure
107
The portion of the large intestine that extends from the right colic flexure on the right side of the abdomen to the spleen on the left side.
transverse colon
108
When the transverse colon reaches the spleen, it will bend and course inferiorly, forming the ___
left colic or splenic flexure
109
Portion of the large intestine that extends from the left colic flexure inferiorly along the left side of the posterior abdominal wall.
descending colon
110
Part of the large intestine that extends from the descending colon to the pelvis where it is continuous with the rectum
sigmoid colon
111
Forms a loop, the shape and position of which depends on the degree of filling
sigmoid colon
112
Proximal portion of the colon to the splenic flexure is supplied by
branches of the superior mesenteric artery, namely the ileocolic artery to the cecum, appendix, and ascending colon
113
Supplies the ascending and transverse colon
Right colic
114
Transverse colon is supplied by the
right colic
middle colic artery
left colic artery from the inferior mesenteric artery
115
Distal portion of the colon is supplied by branches from the
Inferior mesenteric artery
116
Descending colon is supplied by the
left colic artery
117
Sigmoid colon is supplied by
2-3 sigmoid arteries
118
Termination of the inferior mesenteric artery as the superior rectal artery supplies the
rectum
119
Lie lateral to the ascending and descending colons, respectively
right and left paracolic gutters
120
Portion of the digestive system between the sigmoid colon and the anus
rectum
121
The rectum narrows inferiorly forming the ___
anal canal
122
Boundary between the external environment and the internal environment of the anus
anal verge
123
Boundary between the internal mucosa and the external epithelium of the anus
pectinate or dentate line
124
The pectinate line marks the division between the ___ hemorrhoids above and ___ hemorrhoids below,
internal; external
125
There is greater sensitivity below and lesser sensitivity above the ______
dentate line.
126
Sphincteric muscle located at the termination of the anal canal which functions in the retention of feces
Anus
127
Arterial supply to the rectum and anus includes the
superior rectal artery (IMA)
middle rectal artery (internal iliac)
inferior rectal artery (internal pudendal artery)
128
Largest gland in the body: exocrine gland that produces bile, which is conveyed via ducts to the duodenum
Liver
129
Superior surface of the liver related to the right dome of the diaphragm
diaphragmatic
130
The inferior surface of the liver adjacent to the abdominal viscera
Visceral
131
The visceral surface presents the four lobes of the liver:
right, left, quadrate, caudate
132
Structures that enter and exit the liver (right and left hepatic arteries, portal vein, right &left hepatic duct) do so at the ___, junction of the four lobes
porta hepatis
133
Hepatic veins do not exit at the porta hepatis, they exit at the ___
superior liver
134
Oxygenated blood that supplies the liver enters via the ___
hepatic arteries
135
Nutrient rich and oxygen poor blood enters the liver via the
portal vein
136
Located on the visceral surface of the liver between the right and quadrate lobe
Gall bladder
137
Bile is stored and concentrated in the
gall bladder
138
Gall bladder is supplied by ___
cystic artery
139
Both an endocrine and exocrine gland
Pancrease
140
As an exocrine gland, the pancreas produces digestive enzymes that pass via a duct to the ___
duodenum
141
As an endocrine gland, the pancreas produces
insulin
142
Part of the pancreas located in the concavity of the duodenum
Head of the pancreas
143
Part of the pancreas coursing from the head toward the left across the vertebrae
Body
144
Left end of the pancreas, which approximates the spleen
Tail
145
The main portion of the pancreas drains pancreatic juices via the _____ into the _____
main pancreatic duct; major duodenal papilla
146
The smaller upper part of the pancreas drains pancreatic ducts via the _____ into the ___
accessory duct of Santorini; minor duodenal papilla
147
Arteries supplying the pancreas
```
Pancreaticoduodenal branches from the gastroduodenal and SMA primarily to the head.
Splenic artery (body and tail)
```
148
Right half of the liver is drained by the ___
right hepatic ductg
149
Left part of the liver is drained by the __
left hepatic duct
150
Right and left hepatic ducts join to form the
common hepatic duct
151
Gall bladder is drained by the
cystic duct
152
Cystic duct joins the common hepatic duct to form the
bile duct (also may be called the common bile duct)
153
An accessory pancreatic duct is usually presenting the duct system, draining into he ____ which lies superior to the ____
minor duodenal papilla; major duodenal papilla
154
Bile duct and pancreatic duct join to form the
hepatopancreatic ampulla (of vater)
155
Hepatopancreatic ampulla opens through the _____ which open into the duodenum at the ____
sphincter of Oddi; major duodenal papilla
156
Acts like a large lymph node with additional functions
spleen
157
Quadrant in which the spleen is located
left upper quadrant
158
The spleen lies to the left of the ___, under the diaphragm and deep to the ____
pancreatic tail; lower left ribs
159
Arterial supply to the spleen
splenic artery
