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Anatomy Unit 2 > Ch. 29 Respiratory System > Flashcards

Ch. 29 Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

System of the body concerned with gas transport and exchange

A

Respiratory System

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2
Q

The respiratory system exists in two phases:

A

Conductive phase

Gas exchange phase

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3
Q

Has of the respiratory system concerned with the movement of gasses from the outer environment through the respiratory tubes to the lungs

A

Conductive phase

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4
Q

Phase of the respiratory system concerned with exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and they air sacs of the lungs.

A

Gas exchange phase.

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5
Q

The organs of the respiratory system in the order that air passes from the outer environment to the lungs:

A 
Nasal cavity (or oral) 
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Lungs
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6
Q

Cartilaginous and membranous tube extending from the larynx above to the point at which it bifurcates into two primary bronchi below

A

Trachea

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7
Q

Air is conducted through the trachea during the process of ___

A

respiration

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8
Q

Length of trachea in vivo

A

15 cm

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9
Q

The trachea is composed of a series of _____ C-shaped rings made of ___ so that each almost encircles the lumen.

A

16-20; hyaline cartilage

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10
Q

Open ends of these incomplete laThe open ends of the incomplete cartilaginous rings of the trachea are directed___

A

posteriorly

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11
Q

The gap between the two ends of each ring in the trachea is bridged by _________

A

connective tissue and smooth muscle

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12
Q

Connective tissue bridge of tracheal rings is adjacent to the posteriorly related ______

A

esophagus

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13
Q

Marks the end of the trachea and the beginning of two primary bronchi

A

tracheal bifurcation

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14
Q

Primary bronchi enter the substance of the ___

A

lungs

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15
Q

The trachea terminates by bifurcating into two ______

A

primary bronchi (right and left)

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16
Q

The right primary bronchus is _________ compared to the left

A

wider, shorter, straighter (forms a less acute angle with the trachea)

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17
Q

Length of right primary bronchus

A

2.5 cm

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18
Q

The right primary bronchus enters the right lung at the hills of the right lung and divides into three _____

A

secondary bronchi

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19
Q

Each secondary bronchi is for each of the ___

A

lobes of the lungs

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20
Q

Each of the secondary bronchi divides into several ______

A

tertiary bronchi

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21
Q

Each tertiary bronchi supplies a ____

A

bronchopulmonary segment

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22
Q

Largest segment within a lobe of the lung

A

Bronchopulmonary segment

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23
Q

Bronchopulmonary segments are separated from each other by _____ that prevent diffusion of air from one segment to another

A

connective tissue septa

24
Q

The left primary bronchus is ___ in caliber, but about ____ as long as the right pulmonary bronchus

A

smaller; twice

25
Q

Length of left primary bronchus

A

5 cm

26
Q

Objects falling through the trachea would most likely lodge in the _____ because it is more in Lin with the trachea.

A

right primary bronchus

27
Q

Left primary bronchus enters the left lung through the ___ and it divides into two ________, one for the upper lobe an done for the lower lobe.

A

hilus; secondary bronchi

28
Q

tertiary bronchi subdivide further into more bronchi and then into many ___

A

bronchioles

29
Q

Differences between bronchi and bronchioles

A

Bronchioles are smaller and more numerous
Bronchioles do not require cartilages in their walls to keep them from collapsing on the inspiratory movements because they are inside the substance of the lung – which itself is expanded during inspiratory movements.

30
Q

Terminal bronchioles in turn divide into ___

A

respiratory bronchioles

31
Q

Short tubes composed of connective tissue and smooth muscles

A

respiratory bronchioles

32
Q

Why are respiratory bronchioles called respiratory?

A

A few alveoli bud off the respiratory bronchioles

33
Q

The respiratory bronchioles branch in cone-like radiation in _____ alveolar ducts

A

2-11

34
Q

Long, thin walled tubes of connective tissue and smooth muscle

A

alveolar ducts

35
Q

From the alveolar ducts arise ___ and ___ that contain two or more alveoli

A

single alveoli; alveolar sacs

36
Q

At the level of _____ there are no longer any cartilage or smooth muscle

A

alveoli

37
Q

All that remains as the alveolar wall is a thin layer of ____ and ______

A

epithelium and connective tissue

38
Q

Most conspicuous feature of the alveoli is

A

the presence of numerous capillaries adjacent to them

39
Q

The capillaries are so situated that a great portion of their surface is directed toward the ____

A

alveoli

40
Q

Membrane constituted by alveolar wall and the capillary wall through which gas exchange occurs

A

respiratory membrane

41
Q

Rounded superior end of the lung

A

apex

42
Q

Three surfaces of each lung

A

Costal surface
Diaphragmatic surface
Medial surface

43
Q

Surface of the lung adjacent to the thoracic wall (sternum, ribs, costal cartilages, intercostal muscles)

A

costal surface

44
Q

Surface of the lung adjacent to the upper surface of the diaphragm

A

diaphragmatic surface (base)

45
Q

surface of the lung adjacent to the heart and other thoracic organs.

A

Medial surface

46
Q

Location through which all structures that enter or leave the lung pass

A

Hilus

47
Q

Which surface is the hilus a part of?

A

Medial surface

48
Q

The name given collectively to all of the structures that enter or leave the lung at the hilus

A

root of the lung

49
Q

Structures forming the root

A

Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary veins
Primary bronchus

50
Q

Branch of the pulmonary trunk that brings deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lung

A

pulmonary artery

51
Q

Carry oxygenated blood from the lung back to the heart (left atrium)

A

Pulmonary veins

52
Q

Branch of the trachea; it serves as a passageway for air

A

Primary bronchus

53
Q

Right lung has two fissures:

A

Oblique fissure and Transverse (horizontal) fissure

54
Q

Two fissures of the right lung subdivide the lung into three lobes:

A

Upper
Middle
Lower

55
Q

The left lung has one fissure:

A

Oblique fissure

56
Q

The oblique fissure of the left lung subdivides it into two lobes

A

Upper

Lower

57
Q

Ina addition to the lobes, the left lobe also contains:

A

Lingula

Cardiac notch

Anatomy Unit 2 (11 decks)

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