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Anatomy Unit 2 > Ch. 26 Heart > Flashcards

Ch. 26 Heart Flashcards

1
Q

System of the body concerned with the heart and blood vessels.

A

Cardiovascular or circulatory

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2
Q

Muscle that functions in pumping blood through vessels of the cardiovascular system.

A

Heart

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3
Q

Muscle type of the heart

A

Striated muscle, cardiac in type.

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4
Q

Another word for internal cavities of the heart

A

Chambers

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5
Q

of chambers of the heart

A

4

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6
Q

Four chambers of the heart

A

2 atria, 2 ventricles

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7
Q

The heart is positioned in such a way that the atria lie ____ to the to the ventricles.

A

posterior (not superior)

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8
Q

When blood moves passes from atria to ventricles it moves ____

A

horizontally (not vertically)

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9
Q

The heart is located in the ___

A

Thorax

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10
Q

The heart is located between the ___

A

lungs

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11
Q

The heart rests on the ___

A

diaphragm

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12
Q

Structure that protect the heart anteriorly

A

Sternum

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13
Q

Structure that protect the heart laterally

A

Ribs, intercostal muscles, lungs.

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14
Q

Structures that protect the heart posteriorly

A

Thoracic vertebrae

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15
Q

Encloses the heart in a tough connective tissue sac

A

Pericardium

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16
Q

The pericardium is a ____ sac that encloses the heart

A

fibroserous

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17
Q

Outer layer of the pericardium blends with the ____ of the diaphragm inferiorly

A

central tendon

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18
Q

Superiorly and posteriorly, the fibrous layer of the pericardium blends with the ______

A

Major blood vessels of the heart, vena cava, aorta and pulmonary trunk.

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19
Q

Cardiac muscle itself is referred to as the

A

Myocardium.

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20
Q

Inner epithelial lining of the cambers of the heart

A

Endocardium

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21
Q

Surface of the heart that lies adjacent to the sternum and costal cartilages.

A

Sternocostal surface

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22
Q

The sternocostal surface lies adjacent to the

A

Sternum and the costal cartilages

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23
Q

Surface of the heart that lies adjacent to the diaphragm

A

Diaphragmatic surface

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24
Q

Surface of the heart adjacent to the medial surface of the left lung.

A

Pulmonary surface.

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25
Q

Rounded projection of the heart, points inferiorly and to the left.

A

Apex

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26
Q

Where does the apex lie?

A

At the level of the sixth costal cartilage

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27
Q

Generally the area where the rest vessels attach to the heart.

A

Base

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28
Q

Vessels that attach to the base of the heart

A

Aorta, Pulmonary trunk, superior vena cava

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29
Q

Ear like appendages attached to the lateral surfaces of the atria

A

Auricles

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30
Q

Auricles allow for ___ in the capacity of the atrium.

A

increase

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31
Q

Clinically, the term auricle is also referred to as the ___

A

appendage

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32
Q

Vertical muscular ridge seen on the posterior wall of the right atrium

A

Crista Terminalis

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33
Q

Muscular, ridge like extensions of the crista terminails

A

Muscluli pectinati

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34
Q

musculi pectinate are found in the

A

right atrium, and in the right and left auricles

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35
Q

Three major venous openings enter the right atrium

A

Superior vena caval opening
Inferior vena caval opening
Opening of the coronary sinus

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36
Q

Opening of the right atrium for the main vein returning blood from the upper half of the body

A

Superior vena caval opening

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37
Q

Opening of the right atrium for the main vein returning blood from the lower half of the body.

A

Inferior Vena Caval opening

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38
Q

A small nonfunctional valve on the inferior vena cava

A

valve of the inferior vena cava

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39
Q

Opening of the right atrium leading to a venous chamber located on the posterior surface of the heart.

A

Opening of the coronary sinus

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40
Q

Opening of the right atrium that receives veins that drain the heart muscle itself

A

Opening of the coronary sinus

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41
Q

The opening of the coronary sinus opens into the right atrium just anterior and superior to:

A

Inferior vena cava

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42
Q

Partition between the right atrium and the left atrium

A

Interatrial septum

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43
Q

Oval depression lying on the interatrial septum in the right atrium.

A

fossa ovalis

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44
Q

Remanent of a foramen that in the fetal stage of development existed between the right and left atrium.

A

Fossa ovalis

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45
Q

Another name for right atrioventricular valve

A

Tricuspid

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46
Q

The right atrioventricular opening is guarded by the ___.

A

Tricuspid valve (right atrioventricular valve)

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47
Q

Mechanical device that allows flow of blood in one direction only, thus preventing retrograde flow (flow in the wrong direction)

A

valve

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48
Q

Two types of valves that compose the heart:

A

Atrioventricular valves, Semilunar valves

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49
Q

Atrioventricular valve is characteristically composed of three parts:

A

Cusps
Chordae Tendinae
Papillary muscle

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50
Q

Flaps of connective tissue on an atrioventricular valve

A

Cusp

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51
Q

Connective tissue cords that attach to the lower surface of the cusps

A

Chordae Tendinae

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52
Q

Muscle that consists of internal folds of ventricular muscle that give attachment to the chord tendinae.

A

Papillary muscle

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53
Q

The three cusps of the tricuspid valve are named according to their:

A

anatomical position

54
Q

Functions in closing during the contraction of the ventricles

A

Tricuspid valve

55
Q

When closed, the tricuspid valve prevents back flow of blood from the ___ to the ___

A

Right ventricle; right atrium

56
Q

When closed, the tricuspid valve prevents back flow of blood from the ___ to the ___

A

Right ventricle; right atrium

57
Q

he tricuspid valve is held in a closed position via the _____ that are attached to the lower surface of the ____ and are thus not everted into the atrium.

A

Chordae Tendinae; cusps

58
Q

The internal surface of the right ventricle consists of irregular, ridge like projections of muscle called :

A

trabeculae carneae

59
Q

Papillary muscles are a type of ___

A

trabeculae carneae

60
Q

Wall between right and left ventricles

A

Interventricular septum

61
Q

A special type of trabeculae corneae in which one band attaches to the inter ventricular septum and to the anterior papillary muscle

A

Moderator band or Septomarginal trabeculae

62
Q

Contains the right branch of the atrioventricular bundle

A

Moderator band

63
Q

Part of the collection of fibers making up the conduction system of the heart

A

Atrioventricular bundle

64
Q

Openings of the right ventricle

A

Right atrioventricular opening, guarded by the tricuspid valve
Pulmonary trunk opening

65
Q

Blood leaves the right ventricle and enters the pulmonary trunk by passing through the :

A

pulmonary trunk opening

66
Q

Pulmonary trunk opening is guarded by this valve

A

pulmonary semilunar valve

67
Q

Valve that does not posses papillary muscles and chord tendineae.

A

semilunar valves

68
Q

Pocket-like flaps surrounding an opening

A

Semilunar valves

69
Q

For each semilunar valve there are ___ flaps or cusps

A

three

70
Q

The free edge of each cusp in a semilunar valve that has a small central thickening of fibrous tissue. It fills the small gap left at closure of the three flaps.

A

Nodule

71
Q

Narrow lip extending from each side of the nodule in a semilunar valve.

A

lunula

72
Q

The spaces between the cusps and the wall of the vessels in the semilunar valves. Each is named for its corresponding cusp.

A

sinus

73
Q

Between the cusps and the wall of the pulmonary trunk there are ___

A

3 sinuses

74
Q

When flow of blood is from right ventricle into pulmonary trunk the valve ____

A

opens

75
Q

Blood flows through the pulmonary trunk into the _______ to the -______

A

right and left pulmonary arteries; to the right and left lung

76
Q

In the lungs, blood gives off _____ and receives ____

A

carbon dioxide, oxygen

77
Q

Oxygenated blood returns to the heart via four ___

A

pulmonary veins (two from right lung, two from left lung)

78
Q

All four pulmonary veins enter the _____

A

left atrium

79
Q

The left atrium has its muscle pectinate located within the ______.

A

Left auricle only

80
Q

The main part of the left atrium is taken up by

A

Four separate openings of the pulmonary veins

81
Q

Only other opening of the left atrium, other than the pulmonary veins

A

Left atrioventricular opening

82
Q

Other names for left atrioventricular valve

A

Mitral, bicuspid

83
Q

Left atrioventricular opening is guarded by the

A

Bicuspid valve

84
Q

Valve containing two cusps, chordae tendinaea, and papillary muscles

A

bicuspid valve

85
Q

Blood flows from the ___ to the ___ through the bicuspid valve.

A

Left atrium, left ventricle.

86
Q

Internal muscular ridge like folds in the left ventricle

A

trabeculae carneae

87
Q

Papillary muscles of the bicuspid valve are a type of ___

A

trabeculae carneae

88
Q

One major difference between the right and left ventricles is ______

A

the thickness of the wall

89
Q

The wall of the ___ is usually more than twice as thick as that of the ___.

A

Left ventricle; right ventricle

90
Q

Reason for the left atrium being thicker:

A

Right ventricle only pumps blood to one organ, the lungs.
The left ventricle must pump blood to every other organ and the body (including lungs), and thus performs more work and is larger.

91
Q

Reason for the left atrium being thicker:

A

Right ventricle only pumps blood to one organ, the lungs.
The left ventricle must pump blood to every other organ and the body (including lungs), and thus performs more work and is larger.

92
Q

Only openings of the left ventricle

A

Left atriventricular opening

Opening fo the aorta

93
Q

When the left ventricle contracts, blood leaves and enters the ___

A

aorta.

94
Q

The opening of the aorta is guarded by the :

A

aortic semilunar valve

95
Q

Aortic semilunar valve possesses ___ cusps located at the opening of the aorta

A

3

96
Q

The spaces between the cusps or the aortic semilunar valves and the wall of the aorta

A

aortic sinuses

97
Q

Aortic sinuses differ from pulmonary sinuses in that the right and left aortic sinuses are sites of origin of the ________, respectively

A

right and left coronary arteries.

98
Q

Cord-like band connecting the pulmonary trunk and the aortic arch which is a remnant of fetal circulation

A

ligamentum arteriosum

99
Q

System made up of specialized muscle fibers, specialized in that they can conduct impulses.

A

Conduction system of the heart

100
Q

Main components of the conduction system

A

Sinoatrial node
Atrioventricular node
Atrioventricular bundle

101
Q

Other name for sinoatrial node

A

pace maker

102
Q

The sinoatrial node is located at the junction of the _____ and the ____

A

Superior vena cava; right atrium

103
Q

An impulse is initiated at the sinoatrial node and spreads from the node directly through to the _____, causing them to ____.

A

atrial muscle, and all parts of both atria; contract

104
Q

The impulse from the sinoatrial node reaches the

A

atrioventricular node

105
Q

Located in the upper part of the inter ventricular septum

A

Atrioventricular node

106
Q

Node that receives the impulse that s coursing through the wall of the atria, holds for a short time (while atria are contracting), and then sends the impulse to the atrioventricular bundle

A

Atrioventricular node

107
Q

Another name for the atrioventricular bundle

A

Bundle of his

108
Q

Extends down the inter ventricular septum and divides into the right and left branch.

A

Atrioventricular Bundle

109
Q

The right branch of the atrioventricular bundle courses through the _____ to the wall of the ____

A

Moderator band; right ventricle

110
Q

The left branch of the atrioventricular bundle courses directly to the ___

A

left ventricle.

111
Q

The impulse conducts along the _____ and through its branches to the ventricles, causing both ventricles to contract

A

Atrioventricular bundle

112
Q

External artery arising from the right aortic sinus

A

Right coronary artery

113
Q

The right coronary artery arises between the ___ and the ___

A

pulmonary trunk, right auricle

114
Q

The right coronary artery courses ____ along the heart,

A

inferiorly

115
Q

The right coronary artery courses inferiorly along the heart, gives off a _____ and then courses to the back of of the heart.

A

marginal branch

116
Q

Just before the right coronary artery ends, it gives off the _____ which courses to the apex of the heart.

A

Posterior interventricular artery

117
Q

The posterior interventricular artery courses to the ____

A

apex of the heart

118
Q

The left coronary artery arises from the ___

A

left aortic sinus

119
Q

The left coronary artery courses between the ___ and the ___

A

left auricle and the pulmonary trunk

120
Q

The left coronary artery divides into:

A

Anterior inter ventricular artery or left anterior descending artery (LAD)
Circumflex branch

121
Q

The LAD courses toward the ___ ends by anastomosing with the ____.

A

apex; posterior inverventricular artery.

122
Q

Course around the heart and anastomoses with the right coronary artery

A

Circumflex branch

123
Q

Veins draining the heart

A

Cardiac veins

124
Q

Three major veins draining into the coronary sinus

A

The great cardiac vein
Middle cardiac vein
Small cardiac vein

125
Q

The great cardiac vein courses with the ______ and the _____

A

inter ventricular artery; circumflex branch

126
Q

The great cardiac vein continues on the back of the heart as the ____

A

Coronary sinus

127
Q

The middle cardiac vein courses with the _____ and ends in the ____

A

posterior inter ventricular artery, coronary sinus

128
Q

The small cardiac vein courses with the ____ and ends in the ____

A

marginal artery; coronary sinus

129
Q

Short, wide vessel that receives all three cardiac veins.

A

Coronary sinus

130
Q

Coronary sinus empties into the ____

A

right atrium

131
Q

Two or three small vessels that drain the right ventricle and end directly in the right atrium

A

Anterior cardiac veins

132
Q

Numerous small veins that drain the myocardium itself and empty separately into all four chambers.

A

Venae cordis minimae

Anatomy Unit 2 (11 decks)

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