Ch. 31 Abdominal Wall

Question 1

Portion of the trunk between the thorax and the pelvis

Answer 1

Abdomen

Question 2

The abdomen consists of an outer wall and an inner cavity, termed the ___

Answer 2

abdominal cavity

Question 3

Abdominal wall is subdivided into

Answer 3

Anterolateral abdominal wall

Posterior abdominal wall

Question 4

In examining and describing the abdomen, n it is customary to relate __, ___, and ___ of an organ to one of its regions.

Answer 4

Pain, swelling, position

Question 5

The system that subdivides the abdomen into nine regions uses ____ and ____ of references.

Answer 5

Two horizontal planes

Two vertical planes

Question 6

Horizontal plane halfway between the jugular notch of the sternum and the pubic symphysis. Lies at LV1

Answer 6

Transpyloric plane

Question 7

Which vertebral layer does the transpyloric plane lie at?

Answer 7

LV1

Question 8

Plane lying horizontally through the tubercles of the iliac crest. Les at level LV5.

Answer 8

Transtubercular plane

Question 9

Which vertebral layer does the transtubercular plane lie?

Answer 9

LV5

Question 10

Planes located in the midpoint of the clavicle.

Answer 10

Right and LeftMid-clavicular (lateral) planes.

Question 11

Regions of the abdomen

Answer 11

Umbilical 
Epigastric
Pubic
R and L Hypochondriac 
R and L Lateral (lumbar) area
R and L Inguinal area

Question 12

Midgut referred pain

Answer 12

Umbilical region

Question 13

Area of epigastric fossa, just inferior to the infrasternal angle (forget referred pain)

Answer 13

Epigastric region

Question 14

area above the pubic symphysis (hindgut referred pain)

Answer 14

Pubic (hypogastric)

Question 15

Right and left hypochondriac areas related to ____

Answer 15

costal cartilages

Question 16

The system thats subdivides the abdomen into four regions uses the ____ for both the horizontal and vertical planes. This results in four regions, called quadrants.

Answer 16

Umbilicus

Question 17

Upper right quadrant:

Answer 17

Liver
Gallbladder
Superior part of the ascending colon
Right colic or hepatic flexure of the colon
Right half of the transverse colon

Question 18

Upper left quadrant

Answer 18

Stomach
Spleen
Pancreas
Left half of the transverse colon
Left colic or scenic flexure of the colon
Superior part of the descending colon

Question 19

Lower right quadrant

Answer 19

Inferior part of the ascending colon
Cecum
Veriform appendix

Question 20

Lower left quadrant

Answer 20

Inferior part of the descending colon

Sigmoid colon

Question 21

Anterolateral abdominal wall is composed of

Answer 21

Skin
Subcutaneous tissue
Muscles
Peritoneum

Question 22

The skin of the abdomen is of average _____ as compared with other parts of the body

Answer 22

thickness

Question 23

Reddish lines that are sometimes seen in the skin of the abdomen during pregnancy

Answer 23

Stiae gravidarum

Question 24

After parturition, striae gravid arum gradually change into thin white starlike lines called

Answer 24

lineae albicante

Question 25

Subcutaneous tissues of the abdominal wall exists in two layers:

Answer 25

Superficial fatty layer (Camper's fascia) | Deep membranous layer (Scarpa's fascia)

Question 26

Muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall

Answer 26

External oblique Internal oblique Transversus abdominis Rectus abdominis

Question 27

Origin of External Oblique

Answer 27

Lower 8 ribs (interdigitates with the serrates anterior and latissimus dorsi)

Question 28

Insertion of the external oblique

Answer 28

Iliac crest | Rectus sheath via aponeurosis

Question 29

Action of external oblique

Answer 29

Tenses the abdominal wall Aids in rotation of the trunk Aids in lateral flexion of the trunk Important in forced expiration

Question 30

Innervation of external oblique

Answer 30

Thoracoabdominal nerves | Subcostal nerve

Question 31

Muscle who's aponeurosis forms the inguinal ligament

Answer 31

External oblique

Question 32

External oblique's fibers course ___ and ____

Answer 32

medially and inferiorly

Question 33

Origin of the internal oblique

Answer 33

Iliac crest

Question 34

Insertion of the internal oblique

Answer 34

``` Costal margin (superiorly) Rectus sheath via aponeurosis (anteriorly) Pubic crest (inferiorly) ```

Question 35

Action of internal oblique

Answer 35

Tenses of the abdominal wall Aids in rotation of the trunk Aids in lateral flexion of the trunk Important forced expiration

Question 36

Innervation of internal oblique

Answer 36

Thoracoabdominal nerves | Subcostal nerve

Question 37

Internal oblique's fibers fan out coursing anteriorly and superiorly in the ____

Answer 37

upper half

Question 38

Internal oblique's fibers van out coursing transversely and inferiorly in the ____

Answer 38

lower half

Question 39

Origin of transversus abdominis

Answer 39

Iliac crest Fascia of the back Lower 6 costal cartilages

Question 40

Insertion of transversus abdominis

Answer 40

Rectus sheath via aponeurosis

Question 41

Action of transversus abdominis

Answer 41

Tenses the abdominal wall Aids in rotation of the trunk Aids in lateral flexion of the trunk Important in forced expiration

Question 42

Innervation of transversus abdominis

Answer 42

Thoracoabdominal nerve | Subcostal nerve

Question 43

Origin of rectus abdominis

Answer 43

Pubic crest | Pubic symphysis

Question 44

Insertion of rectus abdominis

Answer 44

Xiphoid process | Costal cartilages of ribs 5 to 7

Question 45

Action of rectus abdominis

Answer 45

Flexion of trunk

Question 46

Innervation of rectus abdominis

Answer 46

Thoracoabdominal nerves | Subcostal nerve

Question 47

Fiber direction of rectus abdominis

Answer 47

vertical

Question 48

3 to 4 fibrous brands that pass transversely across the rectus abdominis and adhere to the rectus sheath

Answer 48

tendinous intersections

Question 49

The rectus sheath is a fibrous structure formed by the aponeuroses of :

Answer 49

External oblique Internal oblique Transversus abdominis

Question 50

Anatomical lines formed by the rectus sheath

Answer 50

Linea alba Linea semilunaris Arcuate line

Question 51

Median furrow from the xiphoid process to the pubis. Consists of a tough, tendinous raphe of interlacing fibers of the aponeurosis on each side

Answer 51

linea alba

Question 52

Curved line at the lateral border of the rectus abdominis. Formed where the aponeurosis of the internal oblique splits to form layers of the rectus sheath

Answer 52

Linea semilunaris

Question 53

Lines semilunaris is formed when the aponeurosis of the ___ splits to form layers of the rectus sheath

Answer 53

internal oblique

Question 54

Horizontal landmark change in the rectus sheath

Answer 54

arcuate line

Question 55

Lines the inner wall of the abdomen

Answer 55

Parietal peritoneum

Question 56

Chief arteries of the abdominal wall:

Answer 56

Two branches of internal thoracic artery/internal mammary artery Two branches of external iliac artery

Question 57

Another name for internal thoracic artery

Answer 57

Internal mammary artery

Question 58

Branches of the internal thoracic artery (superiorly)

Answer 58

Superior epigastric | Musculophrenic

Question 59

Two branches of the external iliac artery (inferiorly)

Answer 59

Inferior epigastric | Deep circumflex iliac

Question 60

The anastomoses of the superior and inferior epigastric represent an anastomoses between _____ and ____

Answer 60

subclavian (via internal mammary artery) and external iliac arteries)

Question 61

The anastomoses of musculophrenic and deep circumflex iliac also represent and anastomosis between ____ and the ____

Answer 61

subclavian artery and external iliac artery

Question 62

Innervation of muscles of the anterior abdominal wall

Answer 62

Segmentally innervated by the thoracoabdominal nerves, and subcostal nerve

Question 63

In addition to innervating the muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall, thoracoabdominal nerves and subcostal nerve give off ______

Answer 63

Anterior and lateral cutaneous branches to skin of the abdomen

Question 64

Muscles making up the posterior abdominal wall include

Answer 64

Quadratus lumborum | Psoas major

Question 65

Abdominal aorta lies _____ on the posterior abdominal wall

Answer 65

retroperitoneally