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EMT > Ch 31 Orthopaedic Injuries > Flashcards

Ch 31 Orthopaedic Injuries Flashcards

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1
Q

Acromioclavicular (AC) joint

A

A simple joint where the bony projections of the scapula and the clavicles meet at the top of the shoulder

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2
Q

Amputation

A

Injury in which part of the body is completely severed

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3
Q

Articular cartilage

A

A pearly white layer of specialized cartilage covering the articular surfaces (contact surfaces on the ends) of bone in synovial joints

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4
Q

Calcaneus

A

The heel bone

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5
Q

Closed fracture

A

Any break in a bone in which the overlying skin is not broken

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6
Q

Compartment syndrome

A

An elevation of pressure within a closed fascial compartment, characterized by extreme pain, pain on stretching the affected muscles, and decreased power’ frequently seen in fractures below the elbow or knee in children

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7
Q

Crepitus

A

Grating or grinding sensation or sound caused by fractured bone ends or joints rubbing together

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8
Q

Dislocation

A

Disruption of a joint in which ligaments are damaged and the bone ends are no longer in contact

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9
Q

Displaced fracture

A

A fracture in which bone fragments are separated from one another producing deformity in the limb

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10
Q

Ecchymosis

A

Bruising or discoloration associated with bleeding under the skin

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11
Q

False motion

A

Movement that occurs in a bone at a point where there is no joint, indicating a fracture; also called free movement

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12
Q

Fascia

A

The fiber-like connective tissue that covers arteries, veins, tendons and ligaments

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13
Q

Fibula

A

The outer, smaller bone in the lower leg

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14
Q

Fracture

A

A break in the continuity of the bone

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15
Q

Glenoid fossa

A

The part of the scapula that joins with the humeral head fo form the glenohumeral joint

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16
Q

Joint

A

The place where two bones come together

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17
Q

Ligament

A

A band of fiberous tissue that connects bones to bones; supports and strengthens a joint

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18
Q

Nondisplaced fracture

A

A simple crack in the bone that has not caused the bone to move from its normal position; also called a hairline fracture

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19
Q

Open fracture

A

Any break in a bone where the overlying skin has been broken

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20
Q

Pelvic binder

A

A device to splint the bony pelvis to reduce hemorrhage from bone ends, venous distention and pain

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21
Q

Point of tenderness

A

Tenderness that is sharply localized at the site of the injury, found by gently palpating along the bone with the tip of one finger

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22
Q

Position of function

A

A hand position in which the wrist is slightly dorsiflexed and all finder joints are moderately flexed

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23
Q

Reduce

A

To return a dislocated joint or fractured bone to its normal position; to set

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24
Q

Retroperitoneal space

A

The space between the abdominal cavity and the posterior abdominal wall; containing the kidneys, certain large vessels, and parts of the gastrointestinal tract

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25
Q

Sciatic nerve

A

The major nerve to the lower extremities; controls much of muscle function in the leg and sensation in most of he leg and foot

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26
Q

Splint

A

A flexible or rigid device used to protect and maintain position of an injured extremity

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27
Q

Sling

A

A bandage or material that helps to support the weight of an injured extremity

28
Q

Sprain

A

A joint injury involving damage to the supporting ligaments and sometimes partial or temporary dislocation of bone ends

29
Q

Strain

A

Stretching or tearing of muscle; also called a muscle pull

30
Q

Swathe

A

A bandage that passes around the chest to secure an injured arm to the chest

31
Q

Tibia

A

The larger, weight-bearing lower leg bone

32
Q

Tourniquet

A

Bleeding control method used to control life-threatening bleeding after direct pressure fails

33
Q

Traction

A

Longitudinal force applied to a structure

Traction splinting requires at minimum 2 EMTs

34
Q

Zone of injury

A

The area of potentially damaged soft tissue, adjacent to nerves, and blood vessels surrounding an injury to a bone or joint

35
Q

Direct blow

A

Fractures the bone at the point of impact

36
Q

Indirect force

A

May cause a fracture or dislocation at a distant point

Example: when a person falls and lands on their hand, the indirect force may dislocate the elbow or fracture the forearm

37
Q

Twisting forces

A

A common cause of musculoskeletal injury, especially in the ACL or MCL

38
Q

High energy injuries

A

Such as a MVA, falls from heights, GSW, etc… produce severe damage to the skeleton, soft tissue and vital organs.

39
Q

Commintuted fracture

A

A fracture in which the bone is broken into more than two fragments

40
Q

Epiphyseal fracture

A

A fracture that occurs in a growth section of a child’s bone and may lead to growth abnormalities

41
Q

Greenstick fracture

A

An incomplete fracture that passes only partway through the shaft of the bone that may still cause substantial angulation; occurs in childre

42
Q

Incomplete fracture

A

A fracture that does not run completely through the bone; a nondisplaced partial crack

43
Q

Oblique fracture

A

A fracture in which the bone is broken at an angle across the bone; usually the result of a sharp, angled blow

44
Q

Pathologic fracture

A

A fracture of weakened or diseased bone, seen in patients with osteoporosis, infection or cancer; often produced with minimal force

45
Q

Spiral fracture

A

A fracture caused by a twisting or spinning force, causing a long, spiral-shaped break in the bone; sometimes the result of abuse of young children

46
Q

Transverse fracture

A

A fracture that occurs straight across the bone; usually the result of a direct blow

47
Q

When checking for deformity

A

Always compare the injured limb with the non-injured limb

Shortening, rotation or angulation should increase index of suspicion

48
Q

Swelling

A

Rapid swelling may mask deformity

49
Q

Locked joint

A

A joint locked into position that is difficult and painful to move; presence should alert you to the possibility of an underlying fracture

50
Q

S/S of dislocated joint

A

Marked deformity
Swelling
Pain that is aggravated by any attempt at movement
Tenderness on palpation
Locked joint
Nimbness or impaired circulation to limb or digit

51
Q

S/S of a sprain

A

Unwillingness to use the limb
Swelling and ecchymosis
Pain prevents movement or normal use of limb
Instability of joints (indicated by increased motion, especially at the knee)

52
Q

Pregnant women with a pelvic fracture

A

Tend to have a higher mortality rate

53
Q

Long term disability

A

One of the most devastating consequences of orthopaedic injuries

54
Q

Minor injuies

A

Minor sprains

Fractures or dislocated digits

55
Q

Moderate injuries

A

Open fractures of digits
Nondisplaced long bone fractures
Nondisplaced pelvic fractures
Major sprains or a major joint

56
Q

Serious injuries

A 
Displaced long bone fractures
Multiple hand and foot fractures
Open long bone fractures
Displaced pelvic fractures
Dislocations of major joints
Multiple digit amputations 
Lacerations of major nerves or blood vessels
57
Q

Severe, Life-threatening injuries

A

Multiple closed fractures
Limb amputations
Fractures of both long bones of the legs

58
Q

Critical injuries

A

Multiple open fractures of the limbs

Suspected pelvic fractures with hemodynamic instability

59
Q

If the patient has two or more injured extremities

A

Treat the patient as a significant trauma patient and provide rapid transport

60
Q

Medical emergencies

A

Can result in falls and fractures, maintain a high index of suspicion

61
Q

Injury or deformity of bones, especially around major joints

A

May be associated with vessel or nerve injury; assess neurovascular function every 5-10 minutes and before/after splinting

62
Q

Extremity injuries that impair circulation or nerve function

A

Are urgent conditions and need careful assessment, prompt transport and frequent reassessment

It is critical to report this information in initial radio contact with with hospital

63
Q

Hazards of improper splinting

A

Compression of the nerves, tissue and vessels
Delay in transport
Reduction of distal circulation
Aggravation of injury
Injury to tissue, nerves, vessels or muscles as a result of excessive movement of the bone or joint

64
Q

Pelvic binders

A

Are meant to provide temporary stabilization until definitive immobilization can be achieved

65
Q

Fractures of the scapula

A

Are almost always a result of a forceful, direct blow to the back, which may also injure the thoracic cage, lungs or heart

EMT (25 decks)

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