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EMT > Ch 31 Orthopaedic Injuries > Flashcards

Ch 31 Orthopaedic Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

Acromioclavicular (AC) joint

A

A simple joint where the bony projections of the scapula and the clavicles meet at the top of the shoulder

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2
Q

Amputation

A

Injury in which part of the body is completely severed

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3
Q

Articular cartilage

A

A pearly white layer of specialized cartilage covering the articular surfaces (contact surfaces on the ends) of bone in synovial joints

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4
Q

Calcaneus

A

The heel bone

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5
Q

Closed fracture

A

Any break in a bone in which the overlying skin is not broken

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6
Q

Compartment syndrome

A

An elevation of pressure within a closed fascial compartment, characterized by extreme pain, pain on stretching the affected muscles, and decreased power’ frequently seen in fractures below the elbow or knee in children

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7
Q

Crepitus

A

Grating or grinding sensation or sound caused by fractured bone ends or joints rubbing together

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8
Q

Dislocation

A

Disruption of a joint in which ligaments are damaged and the bone ends are no longer in contact

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9
Q

Displaced fracture

A

A fracture in which bone fragments are separated from one another producing deformity in the limb

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10
Q

Ecchymosis

A

Bruising or discoloration associated with bleeding under the skin

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11
Q

False motion

A

Movement that occurs in a bone at a point where there is no joint, indicating a fracture; also called free movement

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12
Q

Fascia

A

The fiber-like connective tissue that covers arteries, veins, tendons and ligaments

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13
Q

Fibula

A

The outer, smaller bone in the lower leg

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14
Q

Fracture

A

A break in the continuity of the bone

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15
Q

Glenoid fossa

A

The part of the scapula that joins with the humeral head fo form the glenohumeral joint

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16
Q

Joint

A

The place where two bones come together

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17
Q

Ligament

A

A band of fiberous tissue that connects bones to bones; supports and strengthens a joint

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18
Q

Nondisplaced fracture

A

A simple crack in the bone that has not caused the bone to move from its normal position; also called a hairline fracture

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19
Q

Open fracture

A

Any break in a bone where the overlying skin has been broken

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20
Q

Pelvic binder

A

A device to splint the bony pelvis to reduce hemorrhage from bone ends, venous distention and pain

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21
Q

Point of tenderness

A

Tenderness that is sharply localized at the site of the injury, found by gently palpating along the bone with the tip of one finger

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22
Q

Position of function

A

A hand position in which the wrist is slightly dorsiflexed and all finder joints are moderately flexed

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23
Q

Reduce

A

To return a dislocated joint or fractured bone to its normal position; to set

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24
Q

Retroperitoneal space

A

The space between the abdominal cavity and the posterior abdominal wall; containing the kidneys, certain large vessels, and parts of the gastrointestinal tract

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25
Sciatic nerve
The major nerve to the lower extremities; controls much of muscle function in the leg and sensation in most of he leg and foot
26
Splint
A flexible or rigid device used to protect and maintain position of an injured extremity
27
Sling
A bandage or material that helps to support the weight of an injured extremity
28
Sprain
A joint injury involving damage to the supporting ligaments and sometimes partial or temporary dislocation of bone ends
29
Strain
Stretching or tearing of muscle; also called a muscle pull
30
Swathe
A bandage that passes around the chest to secure an injured arm to the chest
31
Tibia
The larger, weight-bearing lower leg bone
32
Tourniquet
Bleeding control method used to control life-threatening bleeding after direct pressure fails
33
Traction
Longitudinal force applied to a structure Traction splinting requires at minimum 2 EMTs
34
Zone of injury
The area of potentially damaged soft tissue, adjacent to nerves, and blood vessels surrounding an injury to a bone or joint
35
Direct blow
Fractures the bone at the point of impact
36
Indirect force
May cause a fracture or dislocation at a distant point Example: when a person falls and lands on their hand, the indirect force may dislocate the elbow or fracture the forearm
37
Twisting forces
A common cause of musculoskeletal injury, especially in the ACL or MCL
38
High energy injuries
Such as a MVA, falls from heights, GSW, etc... produce severe damage to the skeleton, soft tissue and vital organs.
39
Commintuted fracture
A fracture in which the bone is broken into more than two fragments
40
Epiphyseal fracture
A fracture that occurs in a growth section of a child's bone and may lead to growth abnormalities
41
Greenstick fracture
An incomplete fracture that passes only partway through the shaft of the bone that may still cause substantial angulation; occurs in childre
42
Incomplete fracture
A fracture that does not run completely through the bone; a nondisplaced partial crack
43
Oblique fracture
A fracture in which the bone is broken at an angle across the bone; usually the result of a sharp, angled blow
44
Pathologic fracture
A fracture of weakened or diseased bone, seen in patients with osteoporosis, infection or cancer; often produced with minimal force
45
Spiral fracture
A fracture caused by a twisting or spinning force, causing a long, spiral-shaped break in the bone; sometimes the result of abuse of young children
46
Transverse fracture
A fracture that occurs straight across the bone; usually the result of a direct blow
47
When checking for deformity
Always compare the injured limb with the non-injured limb Shortening, rotation or angulation should increase index of suspicion
48
Swelling
Rapid swelling may mask deformity
49
Locked joint
A joint locked into position that is difficult and painful to move; presence should alert you to the possibility of an underlying fracture
50
S/S of dislocated joint
Marked deformity Swelling Pain that is aggravated by any attempt at movement Tenderness on palpation Locked joint Nimbness or impaired circulation to limb or digit
51
S/S of a sprain
Unwillingness to use the limb Swelling and ecchymosis Pain prevents movement or normal use of limb Instability of joints (indicated by increased motion, especially at the knee)
52
Pregnant women with a pelvic fracture
Tend to have a higher mortality rate
53
Long term disability
One of the most devastating consequences of orthopaedic injuries
54
Minor injuies
Minor sprains | Fractures or dislocated digits
55
Moderate injuries
Open fractures of digits Nondisplaced long bone fractures Nondisplaced pelvic fractures Major sprains or a major joint
56
Serious injuries
``` Displaced long bone fractures Multiple hand and foot fractures Open long bone fractures Displaced pelvic fractures Dislocations of major joints Multiple digit amputations Lacerations of major nerves or blood vessels ```
57
Severe, Life-threatening injuries
Multiple closed fractures Limb amputations Fractures of both long bones of the legs
58
Critical injuries
Multiple open fractures of the limbs | Suspected pelvic fractures with hemodynamic instability
59
If the patient has two or more injured extremities
Treat the patient as a significant trauma patient and provide rapid transport
60
Medical emergencies
Can result in falls and fractures, maintain a high index of suspicion
61
Injury or deformity of bones, especially around major joints
May be associated with vessel or nerve injury; assess neurovascular function every 5-10 minutes and before/after splinting
62
Extremity injuries that impair circulation or nerve function
Are urgent conditions and need careful assessment, prompt transport and frequent reassessment It is critical to report this information in initial radio contact with with hospital
63
Hazards of improper splinting
Compression of the nerves, tissue and vessels Delay in transport Reduction of distal circulation Aggravation of injury Injury to tissue, nerves, vessels or muscles as a result of excessive movement of the bone or joint
64
Pelvic binders
Are meant to provide temporary stabilization until definitive immobilization can be achieved
65
Fractures of the scapula
Are almost always a result of a forceful, direct blow to the back, which may also injure the thoracic cage, lungs or heart

EMT (25 decks)

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