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EMT > Ch 27, Face And Neck Injuries > Flashcards

Ch 27, Face And Neck Injuries Flashcards

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1
Q

Conjunctiva

A

Whites of the eye

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2
Q

Conjunctivitis

A

Inflammation of the conjunctiva

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3
Q

What should you use to flush the eye?

A

Saline solution

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4
Q

Approximately ______ of the nose is composed of bone. The remainder is composed of cartilage

A

One third

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5
Q

The head is divided into two parts: the cranium and the ____

A

Face

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6
Q

The brain connects to the spinal chord through a large opening at the base of the skill known as the _____

A

Foramen Magnum

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7
Q

Motion of the mandible occurs at the _____

A

Temporomandibular joint

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8
Q

The ______ connects the cricoid cartilage and thyroid cartilage

A

Circothyroid membrane

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9
Q

Guildlines for penetrating injury on the eye

A
  1. Never exert pressure or manipulate the injured eye
  2. If part of eyeball is exposed, gently apply a moist sterile dressing to prevent drying
  3. Cover the injured eye with protective equipment, (metal, cup, dressing) and cover both eyes
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10
Q

The nasal cavity is divided into two chambers by the ______

A

Nasal septum

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11
Q

The middle ear is connected to the nasal cavity by the _____

A

Eustachain tube

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12
Q

______ is NOT a sign or symptom of laryngeal injury

A

Wheezing

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13
Q

______ is NOT a sign of a possible facial fracture

A

Bleeding from the forehead

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14
Q

Only time you remove contact lenses

A

If the eye has been burned by chemicals

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15
Q

Epistaxis

A

Nose bleed

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16
Q

Anterior/posterior nose bleeds

A

Anterior: resolve quickly on there own

Posterior: more severe, last longer and blood drains i to throat, causing nausea and vomiting

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17
Q

Where you would find thin skin

A

Ears

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18
Q

Skin regulates temp in cold enviroments by

A

Constricting blood vessels

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19
Q

A _____ occurs when a large blood vessel is damages and bleeds

A

Hematoma

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20
Q

If enough air is sucked into a blood vessel through an open neck injury, what could occur?

A

An air embolism

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21
Q

Air embolism

A

The presence of air in the veins, which can lead to cardiac arrest if it enters the heart

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22
Q

Anisocoria

A

Naturally occurring uneven pupil size

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23
Q

Blow-out fracture

A

A fracture of the orbit or of the bones that support the floor of the orbit

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24
Q

Cornea

A

The transparent tissue layer in front of the pupil and the iris of they eyes

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25
Q

Eustachian tube

A

A branch of the internal auditory canal that connects the middle ear to the oropharynx

26
Q

External auditory canal

A

The ear canal; leads to the tympanic membrane

27
Q

Globe

A

The eyeball

28
Q

Iris

A

The muscle and surrounding tissue behind the cornea that dilate and constrict the pupil, regulating the amount of light that enters the eye; pigment in this tissue gives the eye it’s color

29
Q

lacrimal glands

A

The glands that produce fluids to keep the eye moist a.k.a tear ducts

30
Q

lens

A

The transparent part of the eye through which images are focused on the retina

31
Q

Optic nerve

A

A cranial nerve that transmits visual information to the brain

32
Q

Pinna

A

The external, visible part of the ear

33
Q

Pupil

A

The circular opening in the middle of the iris that admits light to the back of the eye

34
Q

Retina

A

The light-sensitive area of the eye where images are projected; a layer of cells at the back of the eye that changes the light image into electric impulses which are carried by the optic nerve to the brain

35
Q

Retinal detachment

A

Separation of the retina from its attachments in the back of the eye

36
Q

Sclera

A

The tough, fibrous, white portion of the eye that protects the more delicate inner structures

37
Q

Sternocleidomasoid muscles

A

the muscles on either side of the neck that allows movement of the head

38
Q

Subcutaneous emphysema

A

A characteristic crackling sensation felt on palpation of the skin, caused by the presence of air in soft tissues.

Be aware that complete airway obstruction can develop very rapidly in these patients as a result of swelling or bleeding into the underlying tissues

39
Q

Temporomandibular joint

A

The joint formed where the mandible and cranium meet, just in front of the ear

40
Q

Tragus

A

the small, rounded, fleshy bulge that lies immediately anterior to the ear canal

41
Q

Turbinates

A

Layers of bone within the nasal cavity

42
Q

Tympanic Membrane

A

The eardrum, which lies between the external and middle ear

43
Q

Bones that make up the face

A

Nasal bone
Two maxillae
Two zygomas
Mandible

44
Q

The superficial temporal artery can be palpated where?

A

Anterior to the tragus

45
Q

Injuries about the face and neck can often lead to _____

A

Partial or complete obstruction of the upper airway

46
Q

Mandibular fractures

A

Second most common after nasal fractures, required a great deal of force and as a result there may be additional trauma or C-spine injury

47
Q

Maxillary fractures

A

Predominantly found after blunt-force, high-energy trauma; Signs include massive swelling, misalignment of teeth, instability

48
Q

In the absence of life-threatening bleeding, the first step in emergency care for facial/neck trauma is ______

A

To secure and maintain the patient’s airway. Remember that blood draining into the throat can lead to vomiting

49
Q

Use the jaw-thrust maneuver when _____

A

You suspect head or neck trauma

50
Q

When an injury exposes the brain, eye or other structures, cover the exposed areas with _____

A

A moist sterile dressing to protect from further damage

51
Q

How do you examine the undersurface of the upper eyelid?

A

Pull the lid upward and forward; if you spot a foreign object on the surface of the eye, you may be able to remove it with a moist, sterile cotton-tipped applicator .

NEVER attempt to remove a foreign body that is stuck to the cornea

52
Q

How to treat foreign bodies

A

Foreign bodies must be removed by a physician. Your job is to stabilize the object and prepare the patient for transport to definitive care.

53
Q

Stabilizing a foreign body in the eye

A

Bandage the object in place to support it; cover the eye with a moist, sterile dressing and then surround the object with a doughnut-shaped collar made from roller gauze

54
Q

Lacerations of the eye

A

Although bleeding may be heavy, never exert pressure on the eye as pressure may squeeze the vitreous humor, iris, lens or even the retina out of the eye

55
Q

Contact lenses

A

The only time you should remove a contact lens in the field is in the event of a chemical burn

56
Q

What is the “halo test”?

A

If CSF is present in bleeding from the ears or nose, it can be seen my using a piece of gauze to absorb the blood. A characteristic halo of lighter fluid will surround the blood

57
Q

The ear

A

A complex organ that is associated with hearing and balance

58
Q

Blast injuries to the ear

A

Sudden changes in pressure may rupture the tympanic membrane and the patient will report severe ear pain, ringing, or difficulty hearing

59
Q

When an object is impaled in a patient’s cheek and you are unable to control bleeding and it is compromising the patient’s airway ______

A

Consider removing the object and applying direct pressure to the inside and the outside of the cheek

60
Q

To manage laryngeal injuries

A

Provide oxygen and ventilation; apply a c-collar but avoid the use of rigid collars because they may cause further damage to the soft tissue

EMT (25 decks)

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