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EMT > Ch 10 Airway Management > Flashcards

Ch 10 Airway Management Flashcards

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1
Q

Aerobic metabolism

A

Metabolism that can proceed only in the presence of oxygen

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2
Q

Agonal gasps

A

Occasional, gasping breaths that occur after the heart has stopped

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3
Q

Airway

A

The upper airway of the passage above the larynx, which includes the nose, mouth and throat

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4
Q

Alveolar minute volume

A 
Volume of air moved through the lungs in 1 minute minus the dead space
Tidal volume (minus dead space) x respiratory rate
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5
Q

Alveolar ventilation

A

The volume of air that reaches the alveoli = Tidal volume - dead space

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6
Q

American standard safety system

A

Safety system for large oxygen cylinders, designed to prevent accidental attachment of a regulator to a cylinder containing the wrong type of gas

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7
Q

Anaerobic metabolism

A

Metabolism that takes place in the absence of oxygen; principal product is lactic acid

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8
Q

Apnea

A

Absence of spontaneous breathing

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9
Q

Aspiration

A

The introduction of vomitus or other foreign material into the lungs

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10
Q

Ataxic respirations

A

Irregular, ineffective respirations that may or may not have an identifiable pattern

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11
Q

Automatic transport ventilator

A

ATV
Ventilation device attached to a control box that allows the variables of ventilation to be set; Frees the EMT to perform other tasks while patient is ventilated

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12
Q

BVM

A

Bag valve mask
Device with a one-way valve attached to ventilation bag; when attached to a reservoir and connected to oxygen it delivers more than 90% supplemental O2

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13
Q

Barrier device

A

limits exposure to a patient’s body fluids

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14
Q

Bronchioles

A

Subdivision of the smaller bronchi in the lungs; made of smooth muscle and dilate or constrict in response to various stimuli

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15
Q

Capnography

A

Noninvasive method to quickly/effectively provide info on a patient’s ventilatory status, circulation and metabolism; Measures concentration of carbon dioxide in expired air over time

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16
Q

Capnometry

A

Use of a capnometer that measures the amount of expired carbon dioxide

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17
Q

Carina

A

Point at which the trachea bifurcates (divides) into the left and right mainstem bronchi

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18
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

Monitor the levels of O2, CO2 and pH of the cerebrospinal fluid and provides feedback to the respiratory centers to modify rate and depth of breathing based on body needs at any given time

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19
Q

Compliance

A

Ability of the alveoli to expand when air is drawn in during inhalation

20
Q

CPAP

A

Continuous positive air way pressure
Method of ventilation use primarily in the treatment of critically ill patients with respiratory distress; can prevent need to endotracheal intubation

21
Q

Dead space

A

Portion of the tidal volume that does not reach the alveoli and this does not participate in the gas exchange

22
Q

Diffusion

A

Process in which molecules move from area of high concentration to area of lower concentration

23
Q

Dyspnea

A

Shortness of breath

24
Q

End-tidal CO2

A

Amount of carbon dioxide present at the end of an exhaled breath

25
Q

Exhalation

A

Passive part of breathing in which the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, forcing air out of the lungs

26
Q

External respiration

A

Exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood cells in the pulmonary capillaries; pulmonary respiration

27
Q

Gag reflex

A

Normal reflex mechanism that causes retching; activated by touching the soft palate or the back of the throat

28
Q

Gastric distension

A

When air fills the stomach, often as s result of high volume and pressure during artificial ventilation

29
Q

Glottis

A

Space between the vocal cords that is the narrowest portion of the adult’s airway; glottic opening

30
Q

Good air exchange

A

Term used to distinguish the degree of distress in a patient with a mild airway obstruction; The patient is still conscious and able to cough forcefully although wheezing may be heard

31
Q

Hypercarbia

A

Increase CO2 in the bloodstream

32
Q

Hypoxia

A

Dangerous condition where the body tissues and cells do not have enough oxygen

33
Q

Hypoxic drive

A

Chronically low levels of oxygen stimulate the respiratory drive; seen in patients with chronic lung diseases

34
Q

Inhalation

A

Active, muscular part of breathing that draws air into the airway and lungs

35
Q

Internal respiration

A

Exchange of gases between blood cells and tissues

36
Q

Intrapulmonary shunting

A

Bypassing of oxygen-poor blood past nonfunctional alveoli of the left side of the heart

37
Q

Labored breathing

A

breathing that required greater than normal effort; may be slower or faster than normal and usually requires the use of accessory muscles

38
Q

Larynx

A

Complex structure formed by many independent cartilaginous structures that all work together; where the upper airway ends and the lower airway begins; “Voice box”

39
Q

Manually triggered ventilation device

A

Fixed flow rate ventilation device that delivers a breath every time its button is pushed; flow-restricted, oxygen-powered ventilation device

40
Q

Mediastinum

A

Space within the chest that contains the heart, major blood vessels, vagus nerve, trachea, major bronchi and esophagus; located between two lungs

41
Q

Metabolism (cellular respiration)

A

Biochemical process that results in the production of energy from nutrients within the cells

42
Q

Mild airway obstruction

A

When a foreign body partially obstructs the patient’s airway; patient us able to move adequate amounts of air but experiences some degree of respiratory distress

43
Q

Brain tissue begins to die within ____ minutes without oxygen

A

4-6 minutes

44
Q

Intrinsic factors affecting pulmonary ventilation

A

Allergic reaction, infection, unresponsiveness (tongue obstruction)

45
Q

Extrinsic factors affecting pulmonary ventilation

A

Trauma or FBAO

EMT (25 decks)

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