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EMT > Ch 26, Soft Tissue Injury > Flashcards

Ch 26, Soft Tissue Injury Flashcards

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1
Q

Closed Injuries

A

Soft tissue damage occurs beneath the skin or mucous membrane

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2
Q

Open injuries

A

Break in the surface skin or mucous membrane

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3
Q

Burns

A

Soft tissue damage is from thermal heat, frictional heat, toxic chemicals, electricity, or radiation

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4
Q

Primary Blast Injury

A

Caused by the blast wave itself

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5
Q

Secondary blast injury

A

Caused by flying debris propelled by the force of the blast

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6
Q

Tertiary blast injury

A

Injuries to the body from being thrown by the force of the explosion

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7
Q

Contusion

A

Bruise, causes bleeding under the skin without breaking the skin.

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8
Q

Ecchymosis

A

Coloration of the bruse. Blue/black

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9
Q

Crushing injury

A

When body is put under significant force. The damage depends on how long it is under that force

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10
Q

Crush syndrome

A

Area of body is trapped longer than 4 hours, arterial blood flow is compromised

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11
Q

What does ALS do before removing the object crushing the patient and why?

A

Administer an IV. So harmful byproducts of cell death are less harmful when circulation is returned.

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12
Q

Compartment syndrome

A

Edema and swelling within a closed soft tissue compartment. Can interfere with circulation. Can lead to renal failure and death. Relieved by performance of a Fasciotomy (a surgical procedure where the fascia is cut to relieve tension or pressure). Common in crush injuries

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13
Q

Contamination

A

Presence of infectious organisms or foreign bodies in the wound

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14
Q

Four types of open, soft tissue wounds

A

Abrasions
Lacerations
Avulsions
Penetrating

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15
Q

3 rules for an impaled object

A
  1. Do not move or remove UNLESS it is causing airway obstruction OR you need to do CPR and it is in the chest blocking you from doing so.
  2. Remove clothing covering the injury. Control bleeding with bulky dressings and surround the object with them (stabilize it)
  3. Protect object from being moved during transport
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16
Q

Avulsion

A

Injury in which the soft tissue is torn completely loose or is hanging as a flap

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17
Q

Contact burn

A

Burn caused by direct contact with a hot object

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18
Q

Dermis

A

Inner layer of skin containing hair follicles, sweat glands, nerve endings and blood vessels

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19
Q

Epidermis

A

Outer layer of skin that acts as a watertight protective covering

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20
Q

Evisceration

A

The displacement of organs outside of the body – do not touch or attempt to replace in the body, instead cover with a large moist dressing (no 4x4s)

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21
Q

Excited delirium

A

Serious behavioral condition in which a person exhibits agitated behavior combined with disorientation, hallucinations or delusions, also called agitated delirium or exhaustive mania

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22
Q

Fascia

A

The fiberlike connective tissue that covers arteries, veins, tentons and ligaments

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23
Q

Flame burn

A

Burn caused by an open flame

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24
Q

Flash burn

A

Burn caused by exposure to very intense heat such as in an explosion

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25
Q

Full-thickness burns

A

Third degree burn that affects all skin layers and may affect the subcutaneous layers, muscle, bone and internal organs. Characterized by dry, leathery, white/gray, dark brown or charred skin

26
Q

Hematoma

A

blood collected within the body’s tissues or in a body cavity. Occurs when a large blood vessel is damaged and bleeds

27
Q

Incision

A

A sharp, smooth cut in the skin

28
Q

Occlusive dressing

A

dressings made of petroleum (vaseline) gauze, aluminum foil or plastic that prevent air and liquids from entering or exiting a wound

29
Q

Partial-thickness burn

A

Second degree burn that affects the epidermis and some portion of the dermis but not the subcutaneous layer, characterized by blisters and skin that is white to red, moist and mottled

30
Q

Rule of nines

A

Assigns percentages to sections of the body, allowing the calculation of the amount of skin surface area (BSA) involved in a burn

ADULT: Head (9), Arm (9), Arm (9), Chest (18), Back (18), Leg (18), Leg (18), Genitalia (1)

CHILD: Head (12), Arm (9), Arm (9), Chest (18), Back (18), Leg (16.5), Leg (16.5), Genitalia (1)

INFANT: Head (18), Arm (9), Arm (9), Chest (18), Back (18), Leg (13.5), Leg (13.5), Genitalia (1)

31
Q

Scald burn

A

Burn caused by contact with hot liquids

32
Q

Steam burn

A

Burn caused by exposure to hot steam

33
Q

Superficial burn

A

First degree burn that affects only the epidermis and characterized by red skin that is not blistered

34
Q

Thermal burns

A

Caused by heat (111 degrees F or higher)

35
Q

GSW

A

Gunshot wound, the amount of energy transmitted by a GSW is directly related to the speed of the bullet. GSW create multiple paths of missiles (shots) and create a large surface area and volume of tissue damage

36
Q

Air embolism

A

When enough air is sucked into a blood vessel it can block the flow of blood into the lungs and cause cardiac arrest

37
Q

Animal bites

A

Consider all small animal bites as contaminated

38
Q

Severe burn

A

Any full-thickness burn

Partial-thickness burns covering more than 20% BSA

39
Q

Moderate burns

A

Partial-thickness burns covering 10-20% BSA

40
Q

Minor burns

A

Partial-thickness burns covering less than 10% BSA

41
Q

Burns/soot around mouth or nose or singed nasal hair

A

If any of these findings are present in the Secondary Exam, open the patient’s mouth and examine for burns or swelling to the tongue. Ask the patient to cough and assess for black spit, which is a sign of smoke inhalation

42
Q

Inhalation burn

A

Inhalation injuries that occur when burning takes place in enclosed spaces without ventilation and the upper airway is exposed to excessive heat and can seriously compromise the airway.

43
Q

CO Intoxication

A

Should be considered whenever a group of people in the same place all report a headache or nausea. Patients appear “Cherry Red” ad may have a normal O2 saturation

44
Q

Chemical burns

A

Burns from contact with toxic substances. Treatment may be specific to the toxic agent (i.e. flush phenol burns with alcohol). Dust away if a dry chemicals, remove patient’s clothing, flush the area with large amounts of water

45
Q

Radiation burns

A

Three types of ionizing radiation:
Alpha – easily stopped by skin
Beta – greater penetrating power but can be blocked by protective clothing
Gamma – threat is directly proportional to wavelength

Mild sickness at ~1-2 grays (100-200 rads)
Moderate sickness at ~2-5gy
Severe Sickness at ~4-6gy

Irrigate open wounds, increase patient distance from source, HazMat

46
Q

Inhalation burns

A

Burning of the airway because of superheated air/gasses

47
Q

Chemical Burn

A

Toxic substance contacts the body

48
Q

Radiation burns (particles)

A

Alpha, beta, and gamma particles

49
Q

Alpha particles

A

Easily stopped by skin

50
Q

Beta particles

A

Can penetrate body but can be blocked by special use clothing

51
Q

Gamma particles

A

The most dangerous, can pass through body and materials

52
Q

Radiation sickness levels

A

Mild 1-2 Gy
Moderate 2-5 Gy
Severe 4-6 Gy
Death 8 or above

53
Q

More extensive closed injuries ma involved significant swelling and bleeding beneath the skin, which could lead to _________

A

Hypovolemic shock

54
Q

Because shootings usually end up in court it is important to factually and completely document _______

A

The treatment given

55
Q

Splinting an extremity even when there is no fracture may ___________

A

make it easier to move the patient

56
Q

Treatment for an abdominal evisceration includes _________________________

A

Flexing the knees and legs to relieve pressure on the abdomen

57
Q

________ burns cause intense pain

A

Second-degree/Partial-thickness

58
Q

The most important consideration when dealing with electrical burns is _______

A

Scene safety

59
Q

Treatment of electrical burns should NOT include

A

Immersion in water

60
Q

Using elastic bandages to secure a dressing may result in ___________ if the injury swells or if the bandages are applied improperly

A

Additional tissue damage

EMT (25 decks)

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