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EMT > Ch 17 Neurologic Emergencies > Flashcards

Ch 17 Neurologic Emergencies Flashcards

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1
Q

Altered mental status

A

Any deviation from alert and oriented to person, place, time, event; deviation from a patient’s normal

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2
Q

Aneurysm

A

Swelling or enlargement of the wall of a blood vessel that results from weakening of the vessel wall

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3
Q

Aphasia

A

Inability to understand and/or produce speech

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4
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Calcium and cholesterol build up inside the walls of the blood vessels, forming plaque, potentially leading to a partial or complete blockage of blood flow

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5
Q

Aura

A

Sensation experiences before a seizure, serves as a warning sign

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6
Q

CVA

A

Cerebrovascular accident/stroke; interruption of blood flow to the brain that results in the loss of brain function

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7
Q

Coma

A

State of profound unconsciousness from which the patient cannot be roused

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8
Q

Delerium

A

Temporary change in mental status characterized by disorganized thoughts, inattention, memory loss, disorientation, striking changes in personality and affect, hallucinations, delusions or a decreased LOC

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9
Q

Dysarthria

A

Slurred speech

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10
Q

Embolus

A

Blood blot or other substance in the circulatory system that travels to a blood vessel causing a blockage

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11
Q

Epilepsy

A

Disorder of abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, causing seizure and possible loss of consciousness

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12
Q

Febrile seizures

A

Seizures that result from sudden high fevers, most often seen in children

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13
Q

Generalized (tonic-clonic) seizures

A

Seizure characterized by severe twitching of all of the body’s muscles that may last several minutes or more; formally grand mal seizures

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14
Q

Hemiparesis

A

Weakness on one side of the body

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15
Q

Hemorrhagic stroke

A

Stroke that occurs as a result of bleeding inside the brain

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16
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

Abnormally low blood glucose level

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17
Q

Incontinence

A

Loss of bowel or bladder control; may be the result of generalized seizure

18
Q

Ischemia

A

Lack of oxygen that deprives tissues of necessary nutrients, resulting from partial or complete blockage of blood flow; potentially reversible because permanent injury has not yet occurred

19
Q

Ischemic stroke

A

Stroke that occurs when blood flow to a particular part of the brain is cut off by a blockage (blood clot) inside a blood vessel

20
Q

Partial (focal) seizure

A

Seizure affecting a limited portion of the brain

21
Q

Postictal state

A

Period following a seizure that lasts 5 to 30 minutes; characterized by labored respirations and some degree of altered LOC

22
Q

Seizure

A

Neuralgic episode episode caused by surge of electrical activity in the brain; can be a convulsion characterized by generalized; uncoordinated muscular activity and can be associated with loss of consciousness

23
Q

Status epilepticus

A

Conditions where seizures recur every few minutes or lasts longer than 30 minutes

24
Q

Syncope

A

Fainting spell or transient loss of consciousness

25
Q

Thrombosis

A

Blood clot (arterial or venous) When the clot occurs in a cerebral artery, it may result in interruption of cerebral blood flow and subsequent stroke

26
Q

TIA

A

Transient ischemic attack; Disorder of the brain where brain cells temporarily stop functioning because of insufficient oxygen, causing stroke-like symptoms that resolve completely within 24 hours of onset

27
Q

The brain is sensitive to changes in:

A

Temperature, glucose, oxygen

28
Q

The three major parts of the brain are the:

A

Cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem

29
Q

Which of the following symptoms would lead the EMT to believe that a patient’s headache is caused by sinus congestion?

A

The pain is worse when bending over

30
Q 
Interruption of cerebral blood flow may result from all of the following, EXCEPT:
a thrombus
an embolism
cerebral vasodilation
an acute arterial rupture
A

cerebral vasodilation

31
Q

The MOST significant risk factor for a hemorrhagic stroke is:

A

Hypertension

32
Q 
Which of the following conditions would be the LEAST likely to mimic the signs and symptoms of a stroke?
Intercranial bleeding
Hypovolemia
Hypoglycemia 
Postictal state
A

Hypovolemia

33
Q

Which of the following MOST accurately describes a simple partial seizure?
A seizure that causes the patient to stare blankly
A seizure that begins in one extremity
A seizure that is not preceded by an aura
A generalized seizure without incontinence

A

A seizure that begins in one extremity

34
Q

Which of the following MOST accurately describes what the patient will experience during the postictal state that follows a seizure?
Hyperventilation and hypersalivation
A gradually decreasing level of consciousness
A rapidly improving level of consciousness
Confusion and fatigue

A

Confusion and fatigue

35
Q

You respond to a residence for a child who is having a seizure. Upon arrival at the scene, you enter the residence and find the mother holding her child, a 2-year-old male. The child is conscious and crying. According to the mother, the child had been running a high fever and then experienced a seizure that lasted approximately 3 minutes. You should:

A

Transport the child to the hospital and reassure the mother en route

36
Q

Headache red flags

A 
Sudden onset symptoms 
Explosive/thunderclap pain
Altered mental status
Age >50
Depressed immune system (high risk of infection) 
Neurologic deficits 
Neck stiffness/pain 
Fever
Changes in vision
One-sided paralysis or weakness
37
Q

Tension headaches

A

Caused by muscle contractions in head or neck and attributed to stress
Squeezing, dull, ache

38
Q

Migraine headaches

A

Caused by changes in blood vessel size at the base of the brain, common in women, and usually have a history
Nausea, vomiting, visual warning signs

39
Q

Sinus headaches

A

Caused by pressure as a result of fluid accumulation in the sinus cavities
Cold-like symptoms, increased pain when bending over or moving head

40
Q

An incident with multiple patients reporting a headache may indicate

A

Carbon monoxide poisoning

41
Q

Bacterial meningitis

A

Inflammation of the meninges cause by bacterial infection

EMT (25 decks)

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