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Biology Plant Exam #1 > Ch. 30: Fungi > Flashcards

Ch. 30: Fungi Flashcards

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1
Q

chitin

A

polysaccharide that provides rigidity for the cell wall

same function as external skeletons of insects and other arthropods

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2
Q

hypha

A

filament of a fungus

branch repeatedly as they grow over or into organic matter to exploit food sources

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3
Q

mycelium

A

combined mass of hyphae

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4
Q

septum (septa)

A

cross walls in multicellular fungi that divide hyphae into cell-like compartments that contain organelles

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5
Q

coenocyte

A

species where hyphae divide without cytokinesis so no septa develop and organelles share a common cytoplasm

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6
Q

mating type

A

haploid hyphae

similar to sex in males

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7
Q

lichen

A

mutualistic

fungus and green algae or cyanobacterium

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8
Q

mycorrhizae

A

mutualistic symbiosis of fungi with plant roots

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9
Q

spore

A

walled single cell or multicullular structure that is dispersed from the parent body
microscopic and nonmotile

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10
Q

conidia

A

asexual spores

non-motile spores of a fungus

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11
Q

zygospore

A

multinucleate, thick-walled sexual spore used by zygomycota

looks like a spider walker

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12
Q

mycobiont

A

the fungal component of a lichen

90% of lichen

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13
Q

zoospore

A

a flagellated spore that is for dispersal

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14
Q

plasmogamy

A

in species that form a dikaryon, the nuclei from the two mating types remain separate
the dikaryon may develop further, as into an n + n mycelium (not haploid or diploid

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15
Q

karyogamy

A

paired nuclei in a dikaryotic cell fuse

-further development produces a diploid zygote

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16
Q

ascus

-found in

A

saclike cell in ascomycetes (sac fungi) in which meiosis gives rise to haploid sexual spores
karyogamy takes place

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17
Q

basidium

A

dikaryotic cell made of 1 nucleus of 2 mating types
-nuclei fuse into a diploid cell
-splits into two of each mating type
located next to the gills on the bottom of the fruiting body

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18
Q

photobiont

A

photosynthetic partner in a lichen

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19
Q

ascospore

A

spores released from the ascus by the wind

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20
Q

basidiospore

A

spores released from basidia throughout the environment

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21
Q

haustoria

A

hyphal branches from fungi that parasitize living plants

penetrate the walls of a host plant’s cells and channel nutrients back to the fungal body

22
Q

mutualistic

A

symbiotic relationship between organisms in which both organisms benefit

23
Q

parasitic

A

symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits which the other is harmed

24
Q

thallus

A

body of a lichen

-tough and pliable

25
Q

pathogenic

A

parasitism makes the host sick

26
Q

hymenium

A

tissue layer of the fungal fruiting body where cells develop into asci or basidia

27
Q

ascocarp

A

reproductive bodies of ascomycetes
-bear or contain the asci
begin to develop when the conidum from a hypha of one mating type fuses with a hypha of the opposite mating type
plasmogamy takes place

28
Q

basidiocarp

A

reproductive body of the fungus
consists of tight clusters of hyphae
we call them mushrooms

29
Q

trichogyne

A

in ascomycota

result of the fusion of the “male” and “female” hyphal strands

30
Q

antheridium

A

found in ascomycota

haploid structure producing and containing male gametes

31
Q

septate vs. ceonocytic

A

septate
-cell wall
-contains a hole or pore to allow cytoplasm to move between hyphae
-more structural stability than coenocytic
–easier to make macroscopic structures
coenocytic
-no septa between cells

32
Q

monokaryotic vs. dikaryotic

A

monokaryotic
-having one nucleus per cell
dikaryotic
-having two nuclei per cell

33
Q

homokaryotic vs. heterokaryotic

A

homokaryotic
-multinucleate cells where all nuclei are genetically identical
heterokaryotic
-cells where two or more genetically different nuclei share the same cytoplasm

34
Q

what is distinctive about centrioles and most fungi

A

they are absent

35
Q

centriole function

A

organization of the mitotic spindle

36
Q

distinguish between yeast form and hyphal form

A

yeast
-single-celled
hyphal
-multicellular

37
Q

what is similar between how yeasts and hyphae grow

A

BOOK

38
Q

what is different between how yeasts and hyphae grow

A

BOOK

39
Q

chytridiomycota distinguishing features

A

have flagellated protist ancestors that gave rise to the fungi
ONLY fungi that produce motile spores, propelled by flagella
-ZOOSPORES
-posterior, whiplash
most are aquatic
asexually reproduce
-a few sexually
-karyogamy directly follows plasmogamy to produce a 2n zygote

40
Q

zygomycota distinguishing features

A 
zygote fungi
terrestrial
coenocytic hyphae
asexual or sexual
most are coenocytic
41
Q

ascomycota distinguishing features

A 
"sac fungi"
sexual spores are the spores that result from meiosis
septate hyphae or they grow as yeasts
terrestrial
apothecium/perithecium/cleistothecium
42
Q

basidiomycota distinguishing features

A

“club fungi”
mushrooms
usual fungal partners in ectomycorrhizae
rust or smut disease

43
Q

sporangium vs. sporangiophore

A

sporangium
-container upon which spores are formed
sporangiophore
-a structure that bears sporangia

44
Q

fungal symbiosis examples

A

lichen

mycorrhiza

45
Q

obligate vs. facultative relationships

A

obligate
-both symbionts depend entirely on each other for survival
facultative
-do not need each other for survival

46
Q

endomycorrhizae vs. ectomycorrhizae

A

endo
-fungal hyphae penetrate the cell wall but not the cell membrane of the root
-glomeromycete is the fungal partner
ecto
-fungal hyphae penetrate between the cells of the root into the plant

47
Q

why are fungal infection in humans harder to treat than bacterial or viral infections

A

BOOK

48
Q

crustose vs. foliose vs. fruticose

A

crustose
-thin crust-like “body” adhering tightly to rocks or tree trunks
foliose
-leaf-like form readily separated from the substrate
fruticose
-branched form with cylindrical or flattened branches

49
Q

which fungi are flagellated, aquatic organisms

A

chytridiomycota

50
Q

which features suggest fungi are more closely related to animals than they are to plants or to bacteria

A

single posterior whiplash flagella
energy storage
have chitin

Biology Plant Exam #1 (7 decks)

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