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Biology Plant Exam #1 > Ch. 27: Photosynthetic Protists > Flashcards

Ch. 27: Photosynthetic Protists Flashcards

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1
Q

eye spot

  • found in
  • what is it
  • function
A

found in euglenids
contains carotenoid pigment granules in association with a light-sensitive structure
–stimulates cells to swim toward moderately bright light or away from intense light to maximize photosynthetic activity

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2
Q

pellicle

  • found in
  • what is it
  • function
A

found in euglenids

  • layer of protein fibers located inside the cell, just under the plasma membrane
  • provides strength and flexibility
  • instead of a cell wall
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3
Q

paramylon

  • found in
  • what is it?
  • where is it found
  • importance
A

found in euglenids
type of carb.
stored in cytoplasm
first organism to store food in the chloroplasts

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4
Q

chlorophyll a

-found in

A 
euglenids
dinoflagellates
green algae
diatoms
cyanobacteria
plants
red algae
brown algae
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5
Q

chlorophyll b

-found in

A

euglenids

green algae

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6
Q

chl. c

- found in

A

dinoflagellates
diatoms
brown algae

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7
Q

fucoxanthin

  • found in
  • type of pigment
  • color
A 
found in
-diatoms
-dinoflagellates
type
-accessory
gives the plant a brown color
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8
Q

B-carotene

-found in

A

euglenids
green algae
plants
diatoms (general carotenes)

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9
Q

whiplash flagella

A 
fungi
stranenophila
dinoflagellates
green algae
plants
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10
Q

tinsel flagella

A 
phylum stramenopila (water molds)
-Oomycota
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11
Q

chrysolaminarin

  • found in
  • what is it
A

found in diatoms

they are carbs. and are stored in this form

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12
Q

valve

girdle

A

found in diatoms

silica-impregnated layers

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13
Q

radial/bilateral

-found in

A

found in diatoms

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14
Q

silica

-found in

A

found in diatoms

silica is hard - provides protection (shell)

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15
Q

alginic acid

  • found in
  • function
A

found in brown algae
outer layer (colloid?)
-makes them slimy
used commercially as a thickener

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16
Q

holdfast

  • found in
  • function
A

brown algae
red algae
green algae
used to anchor then to the floor

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17
Q

laminarin/mannitol

  • found in
  • function of each
A

found in brown algae

  • CHO are stores as laminarin
  • moved as mannitol (an alcohol)
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18
Q

sieve cells/tube

-found in

A

found in kelps (brown algae)
-cells specialized to move dissolved food
main conducting cells of phloem
end walls (sieve plates) are laced with openings

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19
Q

zoospore

  • found in
  • function
A 
ADD MORE
found in
-stramenophila (oomycota)
-fungi
-brown algae
function
-swimming spores
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20
Q

colloids

  • found in
  • function
A 
found in
-red algae
-cyanobacteria
-brown algae
function
-outer cell wall - "slime sheath"
-gives them a slippery texture
-pectin is in colloids
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21
Q

agar

-found in

A

found in algal cell walls
mucilaginous pectin
-used as a solidifying agent for culture medium

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22
Q

carrageenan

-found in

A

found in
-red algae
extract used to thicken and stabilize paints, dairy products,, and other creams and emulsions

23
Q

floridean starch

-found in

A

found in red algae
cho. stored in this way in cytoplasm
similar to glycogen in animals

24
Q

phycobilin

-found in

A 
found in
-cyanobacteria
-red algae
two types
-phycoerythrin (red)
-phycocyanin (blue pigment)
types of pigment
produce the color differences
-absorb green, reflect red wavelengths
25
Q

trichogyne

  • found in
  • function
A

found in red algae
long extension of the cell (female)
-if male gamete touches it, the gamete can fuse to it

26
Q

coralline

-classification

A

red algae
CaCO3 in the cell walls
differ from corals because they are plants
grow together to build coral reefs

27
Q

apical growth

A

BOOK

28
Q

intercalary

A

intercalary meristems are capable of cell division

allow for rapid growth of many monocots

29
Q

pyrenoid

-found in

A

found in hornworts

protein bodies foudn within the single large chloroplast in each cell

30
Q

starch

-stored by

A 
red algae
green algae
-store inside plastids
type of CHO
plants store energy captured during photosynthesis in this form
31
Q

filamentous

-found in

A

found in cyanobacteria

cyanobacteria and filamentous fungi live symbiotically

32
Q

parenchymatous

A

ground structure structures

possibly related to vascular plants

33
Q

isomorphic

A

different but same form

-bodies of the sporophyte and gametophyte

34
Q

heteromorphic

A

different and different form

-EXAMPLE

35
Q

daughter colony

-found in

A

CHECK
found in
-green algae
-diatoms

36
Q

cell plate

-found in

A

found in
-dinoflagellates
composed of cellulose
instead of cell wall, they have plates of cellulose inside sacs of membranes underneath cell membrane

37
Q

zygospore

-found in

A

found in green algae

forms it during its resistant stage to help withstand changing weather

38
Q

stramenopila distinguishing characteristics

A 
chloroplasts
two types of flagella
-on side of the cell
-whiplash and tinsel
contains Oomycota
-coenocytic hyphae
-absorptive heterotrophy
-cell wall made of cellulose
-flagellated gametes
-zoospores
39
Q

bacillariophyta distinguishing characteristics

A 
diatoms
unicellular
2-part wall
chl. a, c, xanthophyll fucoxanthin
thylakoids are together in stacks of 3
inclined to cooler temperatures
-fresh and marine
receive CO2 through carbonate ions
CAN CONVERT CARBS. TO OIL TO LOWER THEIR DENSITY
40
Q

phaeophyta distinguishing

characteristics

A 
mostly marine
multicellular
chl. a, c, xanthophyll fucoxanthin
store food as laminarin
meristem
zoospores
41
Q

kelp form

A

sporophyte

  • stipe (stalk) at the bottom
  • holdfast
  • air bladder
  • -give buoyancy to stipes and blades to help keep them upright
  • food-conducting cells
    blade: leaf-like
42
Q

dinoflagellates distinguishing characteristics

A 
unicellular
mostly marine
circular flagellum and whiplash flagellum
-fit into grooves in the plates
no cell wall
-plates of cellulose
photosynthetic or heterotrophic
chl. a, c, carotenoids
chromosomes always condensed
some contain algae as symbionts
43
Q

euglenids distinguishing features

A 
unicellular
autotrophic or heterotrophic
anterior flagella
thylakoids stacked into grana that are interconnected
cho. a, b, carotenoids
carbs. stored as paramylon
-in cytoplasm
eyespot
contractile vacuole in heterotrophic species
pellicle
44
Q

rhodophyta distinguishing characteristics

A 
uni- and multicellular
marine
holdfast
colloid
-cellulose and mucilaginous pectins that give them a slippery texture
chl. a, carotenoids, phycobilins
alternate between diploid sporophyte and haploid gametophyte
no flagellated cells
agar
45
Q

chlorophyta distinguishing characteristics

A 
diverse forms and habitats
chl. a, b, B-carotene
interconnected stacks of grana
store food as starch inside of plastids
2 anterior whiplash flagella
plasmodesmata
-pores between the sacs after mitosis
resistant stage
46
Q

how are the red algae complex

A 
base differentiated into a holdfast
colloids
walls are hardened in some species
phycobilins
complex reproductive cycles
-alternation between diploid sporophytes and haploid gametophytes
47
Q

how are the brown algae complex

A 
largest and most complex of all protists
tissues differentiated into
-leaflike blades
-stalklike stipes
-rootlike holdfasts
air bladder
alternating haploid and diploid generations
48
Q

in what ways are certain green algae like land plants

A

same pigments
contain starches the same way
cell wall of some green algal species contain cellulose, pectins, and other polysaccharides like those of plants
same flagella

49
Q

how are red algae like cyanobacteria

A

same plastid structure - not associated
same pigments
colloids

50
Q

how are the red algae adapted to their habitats

A 
colloids to survive the intertidal zones
-physical damage
-desiccation
meristem
no dormant phase
phycobilins
-erythrin and cyanin
51
Q

how are the brown algae adapted to their habitats

A 
holdfast
air bladder
-increases buoyancy
colloids
pigments for shallow water
-chl. a, c, fucoxanthin, carotenoids (xanthophylls)
52
Q

how are the green algae adapted to their habitats

A

pigments like land plants
-chl. a, b, carotenes (B-carotene)
very diverse
-most can reproduce sexually or asexaully

53
Q

how are the diatoms adapted to their habitats

A

can convert carbs. to oil for less density

silica shell for protection

54
Q

how do protists solve the 12 major life problems

A

HELP!

Biology Plant Exam #1 (7 decks)

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