Ch. 27: Photosynthetic Protists

Question 1

eye spot

• found in
• what is it
• function

Answer 1

found in euglenids
contains carotenoid pigment granules in association with a light-sensitive structure
–stimulates cells to swim toward moderately bright light or away from intense light to maximize photosynthetic activity

Question 2

pellicle

• found in
• what is it
• function

Answer 2

found in euglenids

• layer of protein fibers located inside the cell, just under the plasma membrane
• provides strength and flexibility
• instead of a cell wall

Question 3

paramylon

• found in
• what is it?
• where is it found
• importance

Answer 3

found in euglenids
type of carb.
stored in cytoplasm
first organism to store food in the chloroplasts

Question 4

chlorophyll a

-found in

Answer 4

euglenids
dinoflagellates
green algae
diatoms
cyanobacteria
plants
red algae
brown algae

Question 5

chlorophyll b

-found in

Answer 5

euglenids

green algae

Question 6

chl. c

- found in

Answer 6

dinoflagellates
diatoms
brown algae

Question 7

fucoxanthin

• found in
• type of pigment
• color

Answer 7

found in
-diatoms
-dinoflagellates
type
-accessory
gives the plant a brown color

Question 8

B-carotene

-found in

Answer 8

euglenids
green algae
plants
diatoms (general carotenes)

Question 9

whiplash flagella

Answer 9

fungi
stranenophila
dinoflagellates
green algae
plants

Question 10

tinsel flagella

Answer 10

phylum stramenopila (water molds)
-Oomycota

Question 11

chrysolaminarin

• found in
• what is it

Answer 11

found in diatoms

they are carbs. and are stored in this form

Question 12

valve

girdle

Answer 12

found in diatoms

silica-impregnated layers

Question 13

radial/bilateral

-found in

Answer 13

found in diatoms

Question 14

silica

-found in

Answer 14

found in diatoms

silica is hard - provides protection (shell)

Question 15

alginic acid

• found in
• function

Answer 15

found in brown algae
outer layer (colloid?)
-makes them slimy
used commercially as a thickener

Question 16

holdfast

• found in
• function

Answer 16

brown algae
red algae
green algae
used to anchor then to the floor

Question 17

laminarin/mannitol

• found in
• function of each

Answer 17

found in brown algae

• CHO are stores as laminarin
• moved as mannitol (an alcohol)

Question 18

sieve cells/tube

-found in

Answer 18

found in kelps (brown algae)
-cells specialized to move dissolved food
main conducting cells of phloem
end walls (sieve plates) are laced with openings

Question 19

zoospore

• found in
• function

Answer 19

ADD MORE
found in
-stramenophila (oomycota)
-fungi
-brown algae
function
-swimming spores

Question 20

colloids

• found in
• function

Answer 20

found in
-red algae
-cyanobacteria
-brown algae
function
-outer cell wall - "slime sheath"
-gives them a slippery texture
-pectin is in colloids

Question 21

agar

-found in

Answer 21

found in algal cell walls
mucilaginous pectin
-used as a solidifying agent for culture medium

Question 22

carrageenan

-found in

Answer 22

found in
-red algae
extract used to thicken and stabilize paints, dairy products,, and other creams and emulsions

Question 23

floridean starch

-found in

Answer 23

found in red algae
cho. stored in this way in cytoplasm
similar to glycogen in animals

Question 24

phycobilin

-found in

Answer 24

found in
-cyanobacteria
-red algae
two types
-phycoerythrin (red)
-phycocyanin (blue pigment)
types of pigment
produce the color differences
-absorb green, reflect red wavelengths

Question 25

trichogyne - found in - function

Answer 25

found in red algae long extension of the cell (female) -if male gamete touches it, the gamete can fuse to it

Question 26

coralline | -classification

Answer 26

red algae CaCO3 in the cell walls differ from corals because they are plants grow together to build coral reefs

Question 27

apical growth

Answer 27

BOOK

Question 28

intercalary

Answer 28

intercalary meristems are capable of cell division | allow for rapid growth of many monocots

Question 29

pyrenoid | -found in

Answer 29

found in hornworts | protein bodies foudn within the single large chloroplast in each cell

Question 30

starch | -stored by

Answer 30

``` red algae green algae -store inside plastids type of CHO plants store energy captured during photosynthesis in this form ```

Question 31

filamentous | -found in

Answer 31

found in cyanobacteria | cyanobacteria and filamentous fungi live symbiotically

Question 32

parenchymatous

Answer 32

ground structure structures | possibly related to vascular plants

Question 33

isomorphic

Answer 33

different but same form | -bodies of the sporophyte and gametophyte

Question 34

heteromorphic

Answer 34

different and different form | -EXAMPLE

Question 35

daughter colony | -found in

Answer 35

CHECK found in -green algae -diatoms

Question 36

cell plate | -found in

Answer 36

found in -dinoflagellates composed of cellulose instead of cell wall, they have plates of cellulose inside sacs of membranes underneath cell membrane

Question 37

zygospore | -found in

Answer 37

found in green algae | forms it during its resistant stage to help withstand changing weather

Question 38

stramenopila distinguishing characteristics

Answer 38

``` chloroplasts two types of flagella -on side of the cell -whiplash and tinsel contains Oomycota -coenocytic hyphae -absorptive heterotrophy -cell wall made of cellulose -flagellated gametes -zoospores ```

Question 39

bacillariophyta distinguishing characteristics

Answer 39

``` diatoms unicellular 2-part wall chl. a, c, xanthophyll fucoxanthin thylakoids are together in stacks of 3 inclined to cooler temperatures -fresh and marine receive CO2 through carbonate ions CAN CONVERT CARBS. TO OIL TO LOWER THEIR DENSITY ```

Question 40

phaeophyta distinguishing | characteristics

Answer 40

``` mostly marine multicellular chl. a, c, xanthophyll fucoxanthin store food as laminarin meristem zoospores ```

Question 41

kelp form

Answer 41

sporophyte - stipe (stalk) at the bottom - holdfast - air bladder - -give buoyancy to stipes and blades to help keep them upright - food-conducting cells blade: leaf-like

Question 42

dinoflagellates distinguishing characteristics

Answer 42

``` unicellular mostly marine circular flagellum and whiplash flagellum -fit into grooves in the plates no cell wall -plates of cellulose photosynthetic or heterotrophic chl. a, c, carotenoids chromosomes always condensed some contain algae as symbionts ```

Question 43

euglenids distinguishing features

Answer 43

``` unicellular autotrophic or heterotrophic anterior flagella thylakoids stacked into grana that are interconnected cho. a, b, carotenoids carbs. stored as paramylon -in cytoplasm eyespot contractile vacuole in heterotrophic species pellicle ```

Question 44

rhodophyta distinguishing characteristics

Answer 44

``` uni- and multicellular marine holdfast colloid -cellulose and mucilaginous pectins that give them a slippery texture chl. a, carotenoids, phycobilins alternate between diploid sporophyte and haploid gametophyte no flagellated cells agar ```

Question 45

chlorophyta distinguishing characteristics

Answer 45

``` diverse forms and habitats chl. a, b, B-carotene interconnected stacks of grana store food as starch inside of plastids 2 anterior whiplash flagella plasmodesmata -pores between the sacs after mitosis resistant stage ```

Question 46

how are the red algae complex

Answer 46

``` base differentiated into a holdfast colloids walls are hardened in some species phycobilins complex reproductive cycles -alternation between diploid sporophytes and haploid gametophytes ```

Question 47

how are the brown algae complex

Answer 47

``` largest and most complex of all protists tissues differentiated into -leaflike blades -stalklike stipes -rootlike holdfasts air bladder alternating haploid and diploid generations ```

Question 48

in what ways are certain green algae like land plants

Answer 48

same pigments contain starches the same way cell wall of some green algal species contain cellulose, pectins, and other polysaccharides like those of plants same flagella

Question 49

how are red algae like cyanobacteria

Answer 49

same plastid structure - not associated same pigments colloids

Question 50

how are the red algae adapted to their habitats

Answer 50

``` colloids to survive the intertidal zones -physical damage -desiccation meristem no dormant phase phycobilins -erythrin and cyanin ```

Question 51

how are the brown algae adapted to their habitats

Answer 51

``` holdfast air bladder -increases buoyancy colloids pigments for shallow water -chl. a, c, fucoxanthin, carotenoids (xanthophylls) ```

Question 52

how are the green algae adapted to their habitats

Answer 52

pigments like land plants -chl. a, b, carotenes (B-carotene) very diverse -most can reproduce sexually or asexaully

Question 53

how are the diatoms adapted to their habitats

Answer 53

can convert carbs. to oil for less density | silica shell for protection

Question 54

how do protists solve the 12 major life problems

Answer 54

HELP!