Ch. 27 pt. 2: Protists

Question 1

monophyletic

Answer 1

various phyla share a recent ancestor

Question 2

polyphyletic

Answer 2

various phyla do not share a recent ancestor

Question 3

bioluminescent

Answer 3

glow or release a flash of light, particularly when disturbed
production of light depends on the enzyme luciferase and its substrate luciferin

Question 4

phototrophs

Answer 4

an organism that obtains energy from light

Question 5

meristem

Answer 5

regions of unspecialized dividing cells

Question 6

contractile vacuole

Answer 6

specialized cytoplasmic organelle that pumps fluid in a cyclical manner from within the cell to the outside by alternately filling and then contracting to release its contents at various points on the surface of the cell

Question 7

phagotrophs

Answer 7

organisms whose cells engulf particles

Question 8

whiplash

Answer 8

moves like a whip

Question 9

tinsel

Answer 9

membrane that covers flagella has hair-like projections

looks hairy under a microscope

Question 10

phycobilins

Answer 10

pigments which absorb green wavelengths and reflect red

allows for light energy capture at deeper water depths

Question 11

red tides

Answer 11

the coloring of coastal ocean waters red, orange, or brown due to large populations of dinoflagellates

Question 12

chrysolaminarin

Answer 12

carb. storage form used by diatoms

Question 13

parasite

Answer 13

oomycota (phylum Stranemophila)

Question 14

saprobe

Answer 14

use carbs. in dead organic matter as their carbon sources

Question 15

plankton

Answer 15

diatoms and dinoflagellates are in this group
phytoplankton
organisms that capture the energy of sunlight in nearly all aquatic habitats
extremely small

Question 16

food vacuole

Answer 16

digests prey or other organic material engulfed by the cell

Question 17

pseudopodia

Answer 17

lobes of cytoplasm that the cell extends which moves the organism by amoeboid motion

Question 18

plasmodium

Answer 18

large composite mass
nuclei are suspended in a common cytoplasm that is surrounded by a single plasma membrane
flows and feeds as a single huge amoeba - single cell that contains many diploid nuclei surrounded by a single plasma membrane
movements occur by cytoplasmic streaming, driven by actin

Question 19

daughter colony

Answer 19

evident in green algae within the parent cell

BOOK

Question 20

phycoplast

Answer 20

microtubule structure observed during cytokinesis in members of the green algae
organizes cell division following mitosis

Question 21

phragmoplast

Answer 21

plant cell structure that forms during late cytokinesis

serves as a scaffold for cell plate assembly and subsequent formation of a new cell wall

Question 22

cell plate

Answer 22

new cell wall that forms during cytokinesis between the daughter nuclei and grows laterally until it divides the cytoplasm

Question 23

pyrenoid

Answer 23

protein bodies within the single large chloroplast of algae and hornworts
act as centers of CO2 fixation by maintaining a CO2-rich environment

Question 24

primary vs. secondary endosymbiosis

Answer 24

primary
-non-photosynthetic eukaryotic cell engulfed a photosynthetic cyanobacterium (photosynthetic prokaryote)
secondary
-non-photosynthetic eukaryote engulfed a photosynthetic eukaryote

Question 25

holdfast - structure - function

Answer 25

structure -root-like function -anchor algae to the bottom

Question 26

stipe - structure - function

Answer 26

structure -stalklike function -transports nutrients

Question 27

air bladder - structure - function

Answer 27

``` structure -at the end of the stalk function -helps the blade to float ```

Question 28

blade - structure - function

Answer 28

``` structure -leaf-like -at the end of the stipe function -captures light and carries out photosynthesis ```