ch 3 understanding people at work: individual differences and perception

Question 1

person-organization fit

Answer 1

the degree to which a person’s values, personality, goals, and other characteristics match those of the organization

Question 2

person-job fit

Answer 2

the degree to which a person’s skill, knowledge, abilities, and other characteristics match the job demands

Question 3

values

Answer 3

stable life goals that people have, reflecting what is most important to them
established throughout one’s life as a result of the accumulating life experiences and tend to be relatively stable

Question 4

terminal values

Answer 4

end states people desire in life

Question 5

instrumental values

Answer 5

views on acceptable modes of conduct

Question 6

personality

Answer 6

the relatively stable feelings, thoughts, and behavioral patterns a person has

Question 7

big five personality traits

Answer 7

openness
conscientiousness
extraversion
agreeableness
neuroticism

Question 8

openness

Answer 8

the degree to which a person is curious, original, intellectual, creative, and open to new ideas

Question 9

conscientiousness

Answer 9

the degree to which a person is organized, systematic, punctual, achievement orientated, and dependable
- the one personality trait that uniformly predicts how high a person’s performance will be

Question 10

extraversion

Answer 10

the degree to which a person is outgoing, talkative, and sociable, and enjoys being in social situations
- tend to be effective in jobs involving sales

Question 11

agreeableness

Answer 11

the degree to which a person is nice, tolerant, sensitive, trusting, kind and warm
- help other at work consistently, and the helping behavior is not dependent on being in a good mood

Question 12

neuroticism

Answer 12

the degree to which a person is anxious, irritable, aggressive, temperamental, and moody
- tend to have emotional adjustment problems and experience stress and depression on a habitual basis

Question 13

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Answer 13

classifies people as one of 16 types

Question 14

positive affective people

Answer 14

experience positive moods more frequently

Question 15

negative affective people

Answer 15

experience negative moods with greater frequency
- glass half empty

Question 16

self-monitoring

Answer 16

the extent to which a person is capable of monitoring his or her actions and appearance in social situations

Question 17

proactive personality

Answer 17

a person’s inclinations to fix what is perceived as wrong, change the status quo, and use initiative to solve problems
- take action to initiate meaningful change and remove obstacles they face along the way

Question 18

self-esteem

Answer 18

the degree to which a person has overall positive feelings about themself
- high: confident, respect themselves
- low: self-doubt and questions their self worth

Question 19

self-efficacy

Answer 19

a belief that one can perform a specific task successfully

Question 20

high internal locus of control

Answer 20

believe that they control their own destiny and what happens to them is their own doing

Question 21

high external locus of control

Answer 21

feel that things happen to them because of other people, luck, or a powerful being

Question 22

perception

Answer 22

the process with which individuals detect and interpret environmental stimuli

Question 23

self-enhancement bias

Answer 23

the tendency to overestimate our performance and capabilities and see ourselves in a more positive light than others see us

Question 24

self-effacement bias

Answer 24

the tendency for people to underestimate their performance, undervalue capabilities, and see events in a way that puts them in a more negative light

Question 25

false consensus error

Answer 25

we overestimate how similar we are to other people

Question 26

stereotypes

Answer 26

generalizations based on group characteristics

Question 27

self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer 27

when people automatically behave as if an established stereotype is accurate, which leads to reactive behavior from the other party that confirms the stereotype

Question 28

selective perception

Answer 28

we pay selective attention to parts of the environment while ignoring other parts

Question 29

attribution

Answer 29

the causal explanation we give for an observed behavior

Question 30

internal attribution

Answer 30

if you believe that a behavior is die to the internal characteristics of an actor
- ex. if someone is complaining about homework, you think they are complaining because they are a negative person

Question 31

external attribution

Answer 31

explaining someone’s behavior by referring to the situation
- ex. if you think they are complaining because the homework is difficult

Question 32

self-serving bias

Answer 32

the tendency to attribute our failures to the situation while attributing our successes to internal causes