ch 15 organizational culture

Question 1

organizational culture

Answer 1

a system of shared assumptions, values, and beliefs that show employees what is appropriate and inappropriate behavior

Question 2

why does organizational culture matter

Answer 2

an organization’s culture may be one of its strongest assets, as well as its biggest liability

Question 3

levels of organizational culture

Answer 3

assumptions
values
artifacts

Question 4

assumptions

Answer 4

deepest level
taken for granted, and they reflect beliefs about human nature and reality

Question 5

values

Answer 5

second level
shared principles, standards, and goals

Question 6

artifacts

Answer 6

surface level
visible, tangible aspects of organizational culture

Question 7

organizational culture profile (OCP)

Answer 7

culture is represented by seven distinct values

Question 8

seven principles of OCP

Answer 8

innovative
aggressive
outcome-oriented
stable
people-oriented
team-oriented
detail-oriented

Question 9

innovative culture

Answer 9

flexible and adaptable, and experiment with new ideas
flat hierarchy

Question 10

aggressive cultures

Answer 10

value competitiveness and outperforming competitors
may fall short in the area of corporate social responsibility

Question 11

outcome-oriented cultures

Answer 11

emphasize achievement, results, and actions as important values

Question 12

stable cultures

Answer 12

predictable, rule-oriented, and bureaucratic
aim to coordinate and align individual efforts for greatest levels of efficiency
may be effective by providing stable and constant levels of output

Question 13

people-oriented cultures

Answer 13

value fairness, supportiveness, and respect for individual rights
people are their greatest asset

Question 14

team-oriented cultures

Answer 14

collaborative and emphasize cooperation among employees

Question 15

detail-oriented cultures

Answer 15

characterized as emphasizing precision and paying attention to details
gives competitive advantage to companies in the hospitality industry by helping them differentiate themselves from others

Question 16

service culture

Answer 16

not one of the dimensions of OCP but important in retail industry
employees are trained to serve the customer well, and cross-training is the norm
employees are empowered to resolve customer problems in ways they see fit

Question 17

safety culture

Answer 17

safety-sensitive jobs
provides competitive advantage bc the organization can reduce accidents, maintain high levels of morale and employee retention and increases profitability by cutting workers’ comp insurance costs

Question 18

strong culture

Answer 18

one that is shared by organizational members
when most employees in the organization show consensus regarding the values of the company

Question 19

subculture

Answer 19

a culture that emerges within different departments, branches, or geographic locations
may arise from the personal characteristics of employees and managers, as well as the different conditions under which work is performed

Question 20

counterculture

Answer 20

shared values and beliefs that are in direct opposition to the values of the broader organizational culture
a form of subculture

Question 21

how are cultures created

Answer 21

• founder values and preferences (why culture is so hard to change)
• industry demands
  lead to
• early values, goals, assumptions

Question 22

how are cultures maintained

Answer 22

• attraction-selection- attrition (ASA)
• new employee onboarding
• leadership
• reward systems
  lead to
• organizational culture

Question 23

onboarding

Answer 23

aka organizational socialization
the process through which new employees learn the attitudes, knowledge, skills, and behaviors required to function effectively within an organization

Question 24

what can employees do during onboarding

Answer 24

proactive
seek feedback
build strong relationships

Question 25

what can organizations do during onboarding

Answer 25

a formal orientation program

Question 26

what can organizational insiders do during onbaording

Answer 26

supervisors/leaders - provide info and support, influences how quickly employees learn about company politics and culture coworkers - influences degree to which new employees adjust to their teams mentors - teach them ins and outs of their jobs and how the company really operates

Question 27

reward system

Answer 27

company culture is shaped by the type of reward system used and the kids of behaviors and outcomes it chooses to reward and punish - emphasize intangible elements of performance as well as easily observable metrics: expect culture that is people or team oriented - reward goal achievements: expect outcome-oriented and competitive cultures - rankings or ratings: whether promotions are based on performance or senority

Question 28

visual elements of organizational culture

Answer 28

mission statement stories physical layout rules and policies rituals

Question 29

mission statement

Answer 29

a statement of purpose, describing who the company is and what it does not always reflect the company's values and its purpose

Question 30

rituals

Answer 30

refer to repetitive activities within an organization that have symbolic meaning create camaraderie and a sense of belonging among employees

Question 31

rules and policies

Answer 31

rules will signal the type of values a company has policies reveal what the company values and emphasizes

Question 32

physical layout

Answer 32

may indicate core values a company's building, layout of employee offices, communicates important messages

Question 33

stories

Answer 33

highlight a critical event an organization faced and the collective response to it, or can emphasize a heroic effort of a single employee illustrating the company's values

Question 34

six steps to create change

Answer 34

1. crate a sense of urgency 2. change leaders and other key players 3. role model 4. train 5. change the reward system 6. create new stories and symbols

Question 35

what does a company need to emphasize in terms culture

Answer 35

integrity honesty trust mandatory ethics training