ch 11 making decisions Flashcards
decision making
making choices among alternative courses of action - which may include inaction
programmed decisions
decisions that occur frequently enough that we develop an automated response to them
decision rule
the automated response we use to make these decisions
ex. complaints at a restaurant are dealt by enacting a policy that they receive a free dessert when giving a valid complaint
nonprogrammed decisons
unique and important decisions require conscious thinking, info gathering, and careful consideration of alternatives
three levels of decisions
strategic
tactical
operational
strategic decisions
set the course of an organization
- top management teams, CEOs, boards of directors
tactical decisions
decisions about how things will get done
- managers
operational decisions
decisions that employees make each day to make the organization run
- employees throughout the organization
rational decision making model
a series of steps that decision makers should consider if their goal is to maximize the quality of their outcomes
8 steps in the rational decision-making model
- identify the problem
- establish decision criteria
- weigh decision criteria
- generate alternatives
- evaluate the alternatives
- choose the best alternative
- implement the decision
- evaluate the decision
analysis paralysis
the availability of too much info, when more and more time is spent on gathering info and thinking about it but no decisions actually get made
bounded rationality model
individuals knowingly limit their options to a manageable set and choose the first acceptable alternative without conducting an exhaustive search for alternatives
satisfice
(satisfy and suffice)
accepting the first alternative that meets you minimum criteria
intuitive decision-making model
arriving at decisions without conscious reasoning
5 step creative decision-making process
- problem recognition
- immersion
- incubation
- illumination
- verification and application
fluency
the number of ideas a person is able to generate
flexibility
how different the ideas are from one another
originality
how unique a person’s ideas are
3 aspects of creativity
fluency, flexibility, originality
brainstorming
a group process of generating ideas that allow a set of guidelines, including no criticism of ideas during brainstorming process, the idea that no suggestion is too crazy, and building on other ideas
idea quotas
the quantity of ideas actually leads to better idea quality in the end
group must reach a set number of ideas before they are done is recommended to avoid process loss and maximize the effectiveness of brainstorming
wildstorming
group focuses on ideas that are impossible and then imagines what would need to happen to make them possible
4 decision making models
rational
bounded rationality
intuitive
creative
overconfidence bias
occurs when individuals overestimate their ability to predict future events