Ch. 3 The Chemical Building Blocks Of Life Flashcards
Molecules consisting only of carbon and hydrogen are called
Hydrocarbons
Organic molecules having the same molecular or empirical formula can exist in different forms called
Isomers
Differences in actual structure of the carbon skeleton
Structural isomers
Same carbon skeleton, differ in how groups are attached and arranged
Stereoisomers
A ______ is a long molecule built by linking together a large number of small, similar chemical subunits called ________
Polymer;monomers
The long chain are built via chemical reactions termed as _______, and broken down by _______
Dehydration reactions; hydrolysis reactions
Hydrolysis reaction
Addition of water molecule
Most important of the 6-carbon monosaccharides, it aids in _______
Glucose; energy storage
_________ are a loosely defined group of molecules that all contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Carbohydrates
The simplest of the carbohydrates are the ________
Monosaccharides
Empirical formula of 6-carbon sugar, or simple sugar
C6H12O6
Transport forms of sugars are commonly made by linking monosaccharides together to form _________
Disaccharides
_________ serve as effective reservoirs of glucose because the enzymes that normally use glucose in the organism cannot break the bonk linking the two monosacharrides
Disaccharides
5 carbon sugars
Ribose;deoxyribose
6-carbon sugars
Glucose, fructose, galactose
What is a polymer?
Polymers are large molecules composed of many similar smaller molecules in a chain like fashion, joined by covalent bonds
What is the valence of a carbon atom?
4
Which elements/atoms make up a hydrocarbon?
Hydrocarbons are compounds composed entirely of hydrogen and carbon
Which elements/atoms make up a carbohydrate
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Hydroxyl - formula + properties
—OH; polarity, ability to hydrogen bond, hydrophilic, polar, can act as an acid
Amino - formula + properties - WRITE IT OUT
-N top H, bottom H; main components of amino acid - monomers of protein, basic
Carboxyl - formula + properties, draw it
—C double bond O top, single bond OH bottom; hydrophilic, stabilizes protein structures, acts as an acid
Phosphate - formula + properties, draw it out
—O—P—OH (double bond OH below P, Single bond O above P; acts as an acid, can donate protons, important structural component in nucleic acids, chemical energy
Sulfydryl - formula + properties, draw it out
—S—H; Polar, found in proteins/protein structure, reactive, thiol
Carbonyl - formula + properties, draw it out
—C—H double bond O above C; polar, reactive
Draw galactose (check yourself)
Galactose
How does galactose differ from glucose?
Differs in the position of its 4th hydroxyl group, gives galactose different properties
Draw fructose (check yourself)
Fructose
What is the chemical formula for galactose
C6H12O6
What is the formula of fructose?
C6H12C6
How does fructose differ from glucose?
Fructose is a 5-carbon monosaccharide, where as glucose is a 6-carbon ring
What two monosaccharides make a sucrose molecule?
Glucose + fructose
What two monosaccharides make a maltose molecule?
Glucose
What are discaccharides linked together by? What kind of bond is it?
Glycosidic linkage; covalent bond