Ch. 3 Part 2

Question 1

What is a polymer?

Answer 1

Polymers are materials made of long, repeating chains of molecules

Question 2

How many different amino acids are found in living things?

Answer 2

20

Question 3

What is a polypeptide?

Answer 3

A long chain consisting of amino acids; two or more amino acids linked together through Carboxyl group and amine group

Question 4

Regarding diet, what are essential amino acids?

Answer 4

His; Iso; Lea; Lys; Met; Phe; Thr; Trp; Val; Cys

Question 5

What is a peptide bond

Answer 5

A covalent bond that holds these amino acids together

Question 6

The amino acid chain that contains _____ hydrophobic characters will be more soluble, the amino acid chain that contains _____ hydrophobic characters will be less soluble

Answer 6

Less, more

Question 7

What is primary protein structure?

Answer 7

The string of amino acids making the polypeptide

Question 8

What is secondary protein structure?

Answer 8

The structure containing regions of amino acid chains stabilized by hydrogen bonds from polypeptide backbone

Question 9

What are two distinctive shapes/motifs defined as secondary structure?

Answer 9

Alpha helix, beta sheet

Question 10

What is tertiary protein structure

Answer 10

A fully folded protein making a distinguished shape

Question 11

What chemical bonds and or interactions maintain the three dimensional structure of a folded protein?

Answer 11

Hydrogen bonds, covalent bonds, hydrophobic interactions

Question 12

What is quaternary protein structure?

Answer 12

Independently made proteins linked together into functional complex

Question 13

What does it mean to denature a protein?

Answer 13

When protein tertiary is unfolded and modified into its primary or secondary structure

Question 14

Why does egg white transform from clear to…

Answer 14

Desaturation and the uncoiling/changing of its structure

Question 15

What are the three categories of lipids

Answer 15

Fats, phospholipids, steroids

Question 16

What do lipid biochemical compounds all have in common?

Answer 16

Non polar hydrophobic

Question 17

What is the primary role of fats in living things?

Answer 17

Important depot for energy storage; important roles in regulating and signaling

Question 18

Fats are categorized by _________

Answer 18

Double bonds

Question 19

How much energy is stored in 1 gram of tri versus 1 gram of carbs

Answer 19

Almost double, because of its structure and tri containing 3 fatty acids and glycerol

Question 20

Saturated fat

Answer 20

No double bonds; highest melting temp; coconut oil

Question 21

Monounsatured fat

Answer 21

One double bond across chains; olive oil, omega 3

Question 22

Polyunsaturated fat

Answer 22

2 double bonds across chains; leafy greens

Question 23

What must have been changed in the vegetable oil to produce margarine?

Answer 23

The removal of double bonds from fatty acid chains

Question 24

What is trans fat in terms of its manufacture and biochemical structure?

Answer 24

Unsaturated fats with the addition of hydrogen

Question 25

Describe an omega3 fat in terms of its biochemical structure

Answer 25

One double bond between two carbons in the hydrocarbon

Question 26

What is a steroid?

Answer 26

Hormones that occur naturally in the body, hydrophobic

Question 27

How does a phospholipid differ from a fat?

Answer 27

Phosphate group attached to glycerol backbone; Fat - glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids

Question 28

Hydrophobic _____; Hydrophilic ______

Answer 28

Tail, head

Question 29

What structures do phospholipids form when placed in water?

Answer 29

Lipid belayer, micelles

Question 30

Why do phospholipids form those structures when placed in water?

Answer 30

Due to their a pathetic nature, their tails are exposed to the water and their heads form the membrane; the heads interact with the water while the tails interact with one another

Question 31

What structures would phospholipids form when placed in oil

Answer 31

Vesicles

Question 32

What is the relation between a phospholipid and a biological membrane

Answer 32

Transportation

Question 33

What is the relationship between a phospholipid, a phospholipid bilayer, and a vesicle?

Answer 33

Phospholipids are arranged into a phospholipid bilayer which make up the basic fabric of the plasma membrane, vesicles are a formation of this membrane.