Ch. 3 Part 2 Flashcards
What is a polymer?
Polymers are materials made of long, repeating chains of molecules
How many different amino acids are found in living things?
20
What is a polypeptide?
A long chain consisting of amino acids; two or more amino acids linked together through Carboxyl group and amine group
Regarding diet, what are essential amino acids?
His; Iso; Lea; Lys; Met; Phe; Thr; Trp; Val; Cys
What is a peptide bond
A covalent bond that holds these amino acids together
The amino acid chain that contains _____ hydrophobic characters will be more soluble, the amino acid chain that contains _____ hydrophobic characters will be less soluble
Less, more
What is primary protein structure?
The string of amino acids making the polypeptide
What is secondary protein structure?
The structure containing regions of amino acid chains stabilized by hydrogen bonds from polypeptide backbone
What are two distinctive shapes/motifs defined as secondary structure?
Alpha helix, beta sheet
What is tertiary protein structure
A fully folded protein making a distinguished shape
What chemical bonds and or interactions maintain the three dimensional structure of a folded protein?
Hydrogen bonds, covalent bonds, hydrophobic interactions
What is quaternary protein structure?
Independently made proteins linked together into functional complex
What does it mean to denature a protein?
When protein tertiary is unfolded and modified into its primary or secondary structure
Why does egg white transform from clear to…
Desaturation and the uncoiling/changing of its structure
What are the three categories of lipids
Fats, phospholipids, steroids
What do lipid biochemical compounds all have in common?
Non polar hydrophobic
What is the primary role of fats in living things?
Important depot for energy storage; important roles in regulating and signaling
Fats are categorized by _________
Double bonds
How much energy is stored in 1 gram of tri versus 1 gram of carbs
Almost double, because of its structure and tri containing 3 fatty acids and glycerol
Saturated fat
No double bonds; highest melting temp; coconut oil
Monounsatured fat
One double bond across chains; olive oil, omega 3
Polyunsaturated fat
2 double bonds across chains; leafy greens
What must have been changed in the vegetable oil to produce margarine?
The removal of double bonds from fatty acid chains
What is trans fat in terms of its manufacture and biochemical structure?
Unsaturated fats with the addition of hydrogen
Describe an omega3 fat in terms of its biochemical structure
One double bond between two carbons in the hydrocarbon
What is a steroid?
Hormones that occur naturally in the body, hydrophobic
How does a phospholipid differ from a fat?
Phosphate group attached to glycerol backbone; Fat - glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids
Hydrophobic _____; Hydrophilic ______
Tail, head
What structures do phospholipids form when placed in water?
Lipid belayer, micelles
Why do phospholipids form those structures when placed in water?
Due to their a pathetic nature, their tails are exposed to the water and their heads form the membrane; the heads interact with the water while the tails interact with one another
What structures would phospholipids form when placed in oil
Vesicles
What is the relation between a phospholipid and a biological membrane
Transportation
What is the relationship between a phospholipid, a phospholipid bilayer, and a vesicle?
Phospholipids are arranged into a phospholipid bilayer which make up the basic fabric of the plasma membrane, vesicles are a formation of this membrane.
