Ch 3: Note Sheet 2

Question 1

Cytoplasm

Answer 1

Intracellular, fluid environment that contains cytosol, organelles, and inclusions

Question 2

Solid Components of Cytosol

Answer 2

proteins, carbs, lipids, inorganic substances
normally have a charge to it

Question 3

Cytosol

Answer 3

fluid that suspends organelles and dissolves solutes
75-90% water, plus solid components

Question 4

Organelles

Answer 4

parts of a cell that have specific functions

Question 5

Inclusions

Answer 5

chemicals that exist at times (level of chemical can change) in the cytosal

Question 6

Viscous

Answer 6

a very thick fluid, jelly-like (not liquid, not solid)

Question 7

Transparent

Answer 7

clear, can see through it

Question 8

Cytoskeleton

Answer 8

series of protein rods and tubules that from a supportive framework (structure of the cell)

Question 9

Ribosomes

Answer 9

tiny, spherical structures composed of proteins and RNA

Question 10

Ribosome’s Job

Answer 10

assemble amino acids to form protein chains

Question 11

Where Ribosomes are Found

Answer 11

found scattered through the cytoplasm and on endoplasmic reticulum

Question 12

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 12

Biggest structure in animal cells
Membrane-bound, flattened sacs, elongated canals, and fluid filled vesicles (bubbles)

Question 13

Endoplasmic Reticulum’s Job

Answer 13

interconnected and communicate with the cell membrane and other organelles (intercellular high way)
provide a tubular transport system for molecules throughout the cell

Question 14

Double-Layered Membrane

Answer 14

any cell with a double-layered membrane is involved in the important jobs for the cell aka complex chemical reactions

Question 15

Rough ER

Answer 15

contains ribosomes on the surface
help with protein synthesis (the making of proteins)

Question 16

Smooth ER

Answer 16

has no ribosomes
helps lipid synthesis, fat absorption (in GI tract), breaking down drugs

Question 17

Golgi Body

Answer 17

stack of 6+ membranes called cisternae

Question 18

Golgi Body’s Job

Answer 18

refines (purify/clean), packages (put in a bubble/vesicle), and delivers proteins synthesized by the Rough ER (Cellular Delivery system)
Chemically modify glycoproteins (sugar w/ proteins) as they pass from sac to sac

Question 19

Transport Vesicle

Answer 19

packaged parts of golgi membrane formed (bubble we wanna move somewhere)
Can travel to the cell membrane and release contents to the ECF

Question 20

Mitochondria

Answer 20

Double-layer membrane-> inner layer forms folds known as cristae (increases surface area where chemical reactions can occur)
Containe own DNA for making a small # of proteins and specialized RNA
Typical cell contains 1700 Mitochondria

Question 21

Mitochondria’s Job

Answer 21

Releases energy from the glucose and organic nutrients forming adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 22

Matrix

Answer 22

the enzyme-solution fluid inside the mitochondria

Question 23

Lysosomes

Answer 23

empty bubbles in cell
contains enzymes to dismantle debris
Cellular Recycling center

Question 24

Peroxisomes

Answer 24

Specific type of Lysosomes
present in all cells, but more abundant in liver and kidney cells

Question 25

Peroxisome’s Jobs

Answer 25

Catalyze metabolic reactions to release H2O2
use enzyme to then destroy the H2O2
also contain enzymes for other biochemical reactions
help form bile salts that digests fats
breakdown large lipid chains
breakdown rare biochemicals
detoxification of alcohols

Question 26

Centrosome/Centriole

Answer 26

located near the nucleus of animal cells
consists of two hollow cylinders called centrioles

Question 27

Centriole’s Job

Answer 27

help to form fibers that will control chromosomal movement
also help form flagella and cilia

Question 28

Cilia

Answer 28

small, hair-like projections of the cell (immersed in a layer of mucus)
typically found on epitheleal cells

Question 29

Cilia’s Job

Answer 29

move particles along the way, as well as help cells anchor in place
move things away from the cell
they all move in unison

Question 30

Flagella

Answer 30

long, whip-like tail found on a cell
only on sperm cells

Question 31

Microtubules and Microfilaments

Answer 31

thread-like structures found throughout the cytoplasm forming the cytoskeleton

Question 32

Microfilaments

Answer 32

much smaller in diameter than microtubules
cause various types of movements within cells

Question 33

Microtubules

Answer 33

more rigid than microfilaments, adding more structure to the cell
move organelles and structures with the cell (like tracks on a rollercoaster)

Question 34

Inclusions

Answer 34

chemicals found within the cytoplasm
only present temorarily (they come and go)
stored nutrients, pigments, and functional proteins