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Anatomy and Physiology > Ch 3: Note Sheet 2 > Flashcards

Ch 3: Note Sheet 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Intracellular, fluid environment that contains cytosol, organelles, and inclusions

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2
Q

Solid Components of Cytosol

A

proteins, carbs, lipids, inorganic substances
normally have a charge to it

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3
Q

Cytosol

A

fluid that suspends organelles and dissolves solutes
75-90% water, plus solid components

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4
Q

Organelles

A

parts of a cell that have specific functions

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5
Q

Inclusions

A

chemicals that exist at times (level of chemical can change) in the cytosal

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6
Q

Viscous

A

a very thick fluid, jelly-like (not liquid, not solid)

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7
Q

Transparent

A

clear, can see through it

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8
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

series of protein rods and tubules that from a supportive framework (structure of the cell)

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9
Q

Ribosomes

A

tiny, spherical structures composed of proteins and RNA

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10
Q

Ribosome’s Job

A

assemble amino acids to form protein chains

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11
Q

Where Ribosomes are Found

A

found scattered through the cytoplasm and on endoplasmic reticulum

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12
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Biggest structure in animal cells
Membrane-bound, flattened sacs, elongated canals, and fluid filled vesicles (bubbles)

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13
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum’s Job

A

interconnected and communicate with the cell membrane and other organelles (intercellular high way)
provide a tubular transport system for molecules throughout the cell

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14
Q

Double-Layered Membrane

A

any cell with a double-layered membrane is involved in the important jobs for the cell aka complex chemical reactions

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15
Q

Rough ER

A

contains ribosomes on the surface
help with protein synthesis (the making of proteins)

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16
Q

Smooth ER

A

has no ribosomes
helps lipid synthesis, fat absorption (in GI tract), breaking down drugs

17
Q

Golgi Body

A

stack of 6+ membranes called cisternae

18
Q

Golgi Body’s Job

A

refines (purify/clean), packages (put in a bubble/vesicle), and delivers proteins synthesized by the Rough ER (Cellular Delivery system)
Chemically modify glycoproteins (sugar w/ proteins) as they pass from sac to sac

19
Q

Transport Vesicle

A

packaged parts of golgi membrane formed (bubble we wanna move somewhere)
Can travel to the cell membrane and release contents to the ECF

20
Q

Mitochondria

A

Double-layer membrane-> inner layer forms folds known as cristae (increases surface area where chemical reactions can occur)
Containe own DNA for making a small # of proteins and specialized RNA
Typical cell contains 1700 Mitochondria

21
Q

Mitochondria’s Job

A

Releases energy from the glucose and organic nutrients forming adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

22
Q

Matrix

A

the enzyme-solution fluid inside the mitochondria

23
Q

Lysosomes

A

empty bubbles in cell
contains enzymes to dismantle debris
Cellular Recycling center

24
Q

Peroxisomes

A

Specific type of Lysosomes
present in all cells, but more abundant in liver and kidney cells

25
Q

Peroxisome’s Jobs

A

Catalyze metabolic reactions to release H2O2
use enzyme to then destroy the H2O2
also contain enzymes for other biochemical reactions
help form bile salts that digests fats
breakdown large lipid chains
breakdown rare biochemicals
detoxification of alcohols

26
Q

Centrosome/Centriole

A

located near the nucleus of animal cells
consists of two hollow cylinders called centrioles

27
Q

Centriole’s Job

A

help to form fibers that will control chromosomal movement
also help form flagella and cilia

28
Q

Cilia

A

small, hair-like projections of the cell (immersed in a layer of mucus)
typically found on epitheleal cells

29
Q

Cilia’s Job

A

move particles along the way, as well as help cells anchor in place
move things away from the cell
they all move in unison

30
Q

Flagella

A

long, whip-like tail found on a cell
only on sperm cells

31
Q

Microtubules and Microfilaments

A

thread-like structures found throughout the cytoplasm forming the cytoskeleton

32
Q

Microfilaments

A

much smaller in diameter than microtubules
cause various types of movements within cells

33
Q

Microtubules

A

more rigid than microfilaments, adding more structure to the cell
move organelles and structures with the cell (like tracks on a rollercoaster)

34
Q

Inclusions

A

chemicals found within the cytoplasm
only present temorarily (they come and go)
stored nutrients, pigments, and functional proteins

Anatomy and Physiology (10 decks)

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