Ch 1: Review Wksht Flashcards
What is the difference between the study of anatomy versus the study of physiology?
Anatomy is the study of structure while physiology is the study of functions
What is gross anatomy?
study of anatomy w/o a microscope (overall anatomy)
What is “histology”?
the microscopic study of tissue structure
What does the chemical level represent? Also, give some examples of this level.
-Small particles that make up cells
-atoms, molecules, organelles
-essential ones include carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen
What is meant by saying that cells are “differentiated”?
cells change during embryonic development and become SPECIALIZED for certain functions
What are tissues?
groups of cells that have a common origin, appearance, and function
What are the 4 types of tissues, and what are there functions?
-epithelial: covers and protects surface
-muscle: allows movement
-connective: joins parts together and provides support
-nervous: responds to environmental stimuli and coordinates bodily activity
What are organs?
structures composed of two or more different types of tissue, have specific functions, and have recognizable shapes
List the 10 life processes of the human being
-movement
-responsiveness
-growth and development
-reproduction
-respiration
-digestion
-absorption
-circulation
-assimilation
-excretion
Why is absorption so important to the body?
it allows nutrients to be absorbed by your blood stream and carried to cells
What is the purpose of respiration?
allows us to use oxygen to obtain energy from food
What is “metabolism”?
a majority of human life processes’ functions combined
What are the two basic ideas that this whole class will center around this year?
homeostasis and feedback systems
Without giving me the same definition as is in your notes, what does homeostasis mean? Also give an example of how this works in the body.
-the constant environment our body needs to be at to function
-if our body is too hot we will sweat to cool our body down
What 3 main components make-up most homeostatic mechanisms?
-receptors
-control center
-effectors
How do feedback systems affect homeostasis?
they are acts that MUST be done to help keep our body at homeostasis
What is the difference between negative and positive feedback systems?
Negative- action of the effectors reduces
Positive- action of the effectors increases
What is a body cavity, and what is its purpose?
-confined spaces within the body that contain internal organs
-protect, separate, and support organs
What 2 major divisions is the body broken into and what difference exists between them?
Axial: includes head, neck and trunk (their cavities)
Appendicular: includes the lower and upper limbs (no real cavities)
What 4 main cavities make-up the axial skeleton?
-cranial cavity
-spinal cavity
-thoracic cavity
-abdominopelvic cavity
What are “serous” membranes?
line the walls of the thoracic and abdominal cavities, covering the organs
What is anatomical position?
body standing straight, head and palms facing forward, limbs at side
When looking at your hand, is your pinky finger proximal or distal when comparing with your wrist?
distal
When looking at your stomach, it is ____ to your heart
inferior
