Ch. 1: Note Sheet 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

the study of structure and the relationships among structures

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2
Q

What are the subdivisions of Anatomy?

A

Morphology
Gross Anatomy
Systemic Anatomy
Histology

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3
Q

Morphology

A

study of the form and markings on the surface of the body

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4
Q

Gross Anatomy

A

study of structure without a microscope (overall anatomy)

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5
Q

Systemic Anatomy

A

study of specific systems of the body (respiratory, nervous, digestive, etc.)

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6
Q

Histology

A

microscopic study of tissue structure

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7
Q

Physiology

A

studies of the functions of the body parts and how they work

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8
Q

Subdivisions of Physiology

A

Cell Physiology
Neurophysiology
Endocrinology
Cardiovascular
Immunology

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9
Q

Cell physiology

A

study of cell specialization (differentiated)

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10
Q

Neurophysiology

A

study of nerve funtions

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11
Q

Endocrinology`

A

study of horomones and how they control body functions

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12
Q

Cardiovascular

A

study of functions of the heart and blood vessels

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13
Q

Immunology

A

study of body defense mechanisms

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14
Q

Levels of Structural Organization

A

chemical -> cellular -> tissue -> organ -> organ system -> organisms

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15
Q

Chemical Level

A

common in all plants and animals

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16
Q

Essential chemicals of life

A

carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, calcium

17
Q

Cellular Level

A

basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms

18
Q

Differentiated cells

A

cells change during embryonic development and become specialized for certain functions

19
Q

Tissue Level

A

Groups of cells that have a common origin, appearance, and function

20
Q

4 basic types of tissue

A

Epithelial
Muscle
Connective
Nervous

21
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

covers and protects surfaces

22
Q

Muscle tissue

A

allows movement

23
Q

Connective tissue

A

joins parts together and provides support

24
Q

Nervous tissue

A

responds to environmental stimuli and coordinates bodily activity

25
Q

Organ level

A

structures composed of two or more different types of tissues, have specific functions, and have recognizable shapes

26
Q

Organ System level

A

Consists of multiple organs that have a common function

27
Q

10 Life Processes of Humans

A

Movement
Responsiveness (response to stimuli inside or outside)
Growth and Development
Reproduction (new organisms and new cells)
Respiration (use of oxygen for obtaining from food)
Digestion
Absorption (passage of substances thru membranes into body fluids)
Circulation
Assimilation (changing of substances into chemically different forms)
Excretion (waste removal)

28
Q

Metabolism

A

The majority of the functions from the life processes combined

29
Q

Homeostasis

A

the condition in which the body’s internal environment remains constant within set limits

30
Q

Extracellular Fluid (ECF)

A

fluid that surrounds cells

31
Q

Homeostatic Imbalances

A

disruptions in homeostasis that could end in illness or death

32
Q

3 main components of Homeostatic Mechanisms

A

Receptors
Control Center
Effectors

33
Q

Receptors

A

provide info from the internal environment

34
Q

Control Center

A

decides what the response should be (the Brain)

35
Q

Effectors

A

Carry out response internally to alter conditions (glands & muscles)

36
Q

Feedback System

A

acts that the body MUST perform to maintain normal anatomical and physiological conditions

37
Q

Negative Feedback

A

as the conditions are returned back to their set point, action of the effectors is reduced (Body Temp (shivering/sweating) and Blood Pressure)

38
Q

Positive Feedback

A

Process that moves conditions farther away from the set point (to ultimately get back to set point)
uterine contractions
blood clotting