Ch. 1: Note Sheet 1

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

the study of structure and the relationships among structures

Question 2

What are the subdivisions of Anatomy?

Answer 2

Morphology
Gross Anatomy
Systemic Anatomy
Histology

Question 3

Morphology

Answer 3

study of the form and markings on the surface of the body

Question 4

Gross Anatomy

Answer 4

study of structure without a microscope (overall anatomy)

Question 5

Systemic Anatomy

Answer 5

study of specific systems of the body (respiratory, nervous, digestive, etc.)

Question 6

Histology

Answer 6

microscopic study of tissue structure

Question 7

Physiology

Answer 7

studies of the functions of the body parts and how they work

Question 8

Subdivisions of Physiology

Answer 8

Cell Physiology
Neurophysiology
Endocrinology
Cardiovascular
Immunology

Question 9

Cell physiology

Answer 9

study of cell specialization (differentiated)

Question 10

Neurophysiology

Answer 10

study of nerve funtions

Question 11

Endocrinology`

Answer 11

study of horomones and how they control body functions

Question 12

Cardiovascular

Answer 12

study of functions of the heart and blood vessels

Question 13

Immunology

Answer 13

study of body defense mechanisms

Question 14

Levels of Structural Organization

Answer 14

chemical -> cellular -> tissue -> organ -> organ system -> organisms

Question 15

Chemical Level

Answer 15

common in all plants and animals

Question 16

Essential chemicals of life

Answer 16

carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, calcium

Question 17

Cellular Level

Answer 17

basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms

Question 18

Differentiated cells

Answer 18

cells change during embryonic development and become specialized for certain functions

Question 19

Tissue Level

Answer 19

Groups of cells that have a common origin, appearance, and function

Question 20

4 basic types of tissue

Answer 20

Epithelial
Muscle
Connective
Nervous

Question 21

Epithelial tissue

Answer 21

covers and protects surfaces

Question 22

Muscle tissue

Answer 22

allows movement

Question 23

Connective tissue

Answer 23

joins parts together and provides support

Question 24

Nervous tissue

Answer 24

responds to environmental stimuli and coordinates bodily activity

Question 25

Organ level

Answer 25

structures composed of two or more different types of tissues, have specific functions, and have recognizable shapes

Question 26

Organ System level

Answer 26

Consists of multiple organs that have a common function

Question 27

10 Life Processes of Humans

Answer 27

Movement Responsiveness (response to stimuli inside or outside) Growth and Development Reproduction (new organisms and new cells) Respiration (use of oxygen for obtaining from food) Digestion Absorption (passage of substances thru membranes into body fluids) Circulation Assimilation (changing of substances into chemically different forms) Excretion (waste removal)

Question 28

Metabolism

Answer 28

The majority of the functions from the life processes combined

Question 29

Homeostasis

Answer 29

the condition in which the body's internal environment remains constant within set limits

Question 30

Extracellular Fluid (ECF)

Answer 30

fluid that surrounds cells

Question 31

Homeostatic Imbalances

Answer 31

disruptions in homeostasis that could end in illness or death

Question 32

3 main components of Homeostatic Mechanisms

Answer 32

Receptors Control Center Effectors

Question 33

Receptors

Answer 33

provide info from the internal environment

Question 34

Control Center

Answer 34

decides what the response should be (the Brain)

Question 35

Effectors

Answer 35

Carry out response internally to alter conditions (glands & muscles)

Question 36

Feedback System

Answer 36

acts that the body MUST perform to maintain normal anatomical and physiological conditions

Question 37

Negative Feedback

Answer 37

as the conditions are returned back to their set point, action of the effectors is reduced (Body Temp (shivering/sweating) and Blood Pressure)

Question 38

Positive Feedback

Answer 38

Process that moves conditions farther away from the set point (to ultimately get back to set point) uterine contractions blood clotting