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Fire Inspection and Code Enforcement > Ch. 3 Fire Behavior > Flashcards

Ch. 3 Fire Behavior Flashcards

1
Q

On page 74 of Fire Inspection and Code Enforcement, ______ is the study of the physical world around us and includes the sciences of chemistry and physics.

A

Physical Science

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2
Q

On page 74 of Fire Inspection and Code Enforcement, a _____ occurs when a substance remains chemically the same but changes in size, shape, or appearance.

A

Physical change

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3
Q

On page 75 of Fire Inspection and Code Enforcement, when a substance changes from one type of matter to another, a _____ reaction occurs.

A

Chemical

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4
Q

Chemical process that occurs when a substance combines with an oxidizer is called?

A

Oxidation

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5
Q

Chemical process of oxidation that occurs at a rate fast enough to produce heat and usually light in the form of either a glow or flame is called?

A. Fire
B. Combustion
C. Exothermic Reaction
D. Endothermic Reaction

A

Combustion

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6
Q

Chemical reaction that releases thermal energy or heat.

A

Exothermic reaction

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7
Q

Chemical reaction that absorbs thermal energy or heat.

A

Endothermic reaction

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8
Q

Rapid oxidation process, which is a chemical reaction resulting in the evolution of light and heat in varying intensities is called what?

A. Fire
B. Combustion
C. Exothermic Reaction
D. Endothermic Reaction

A

Fire

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9
Q

Visible, luminous body of burning gas emitting radiant energy, including light or various colors produced by burning gases or vapors during the combustion process is called what?

A. Fire
B. Flame
C. Combustion
D. Exothermic Reaction

A

Flame

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10
Q

On page 76 of Fire Inspection and Code Enforcement, _____ occurs when burning is localized on or near the fuel’s surface, where it is in contact with the oxygen.

A

Non-flaming combustion

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11
Q

______ is characterized by the presence of a visible flame above the fuel.

A

Flaming combustion

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12
Q

On page 78 of Fire Inspection and Code Enforcement ________ is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter, expressed in terms of units or degrees.

A

Temperature

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13
Q

On page 78 of Fire Inspection and Code Enforcement, _____ is the capacity to perform work.

A. Work
B. Power
C. Energy
D. Watt

A

Energy

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14
Q

On page 78 of Fire Inspection and Code Enforcement, ____ occurs when a force is applied to an object over a distance or when a substance experiences a chemical. biological, or physical transformation.

A. Work
B. Power
C. Energy
D. Watt

A

Work

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15
Q

On page 78 of Fire Inspection and Code Enforcement, ______ is the rate at which work is performed or energy is converted from one form to another.

A. Work
B. Power
C. Energy
D. Watt

A

Power

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16
Q

On page 78 of Fire Inspection and Code Enforcement, the standard international unit for power is the ______, which is _______.

A

Watt; one joule per second

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17
Q

Thermal energy is measured in:

A

Joules or BTU

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18
Q

Chemical decomposition of a solid material by heating is called what?

A

Pyrolysis

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19
Q

Process of initiating self-sustained combustion is called what?

A

Ignition

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20
Q

Moment when a mixture of fuel and oxygen encounters an external heat source with sufficient heat or thermal energy to start the combustion reaction is called what?

A

Piloted Ignition

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21
Q

Initiation of combustion by heat but without a spark or flame. It is also called nonpiloted ignition. This is called?

A

Autoignition

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22
Q

On page 80 of Fire Inspection and Code Enforcement, ______ energy is the most common source of heat in combustion reactions.

A

Chemical

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23
Q

The result of exothermic reactions, occurring spontaneously in some materials under certain conditions, whereby heat is generated at a rate sufficient to raise the temperature of the material is called?

A

Self-heating

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24
Q

On page 80 of Fire Inspection and Code Enforcement, in order for self-heating to progress to spontaneous ignition, the material must be heated to its autoignition temperature as follows:

A
  • Insulation properties of material heat cannot dissipate as quickly as it is being generated.
  • Rate of heat production enough to raise the temperature of material to autoignition
  • Air supply must be adequate to support combustion
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25
Q

Electrical heating can occur in several ways:

A

Resistance heating

Overcurrent/overload

Arcing

Sparking

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26
Q

The measure of the rate of heat transfer to a surface, expressed in kilowatts/m2, kilojoules/m2, or BTU/ft2

A

Heat flux

27
Q

On page 85 of Fire Inspection and Code Enforcement, many factors influence radiant heat transfer, including:

A
  • Nature of exposed surfaces
  • Distance between heat source and exposed surfaces
  • Temperature difference between heat source and exposed surfaces
28
Q

On page 85 of Fire Inspection and Code Enforcement, as temperature of the heat source increases, the radiant energy increases by a factor to the _______ power.

A

Fourth

29
Q

On page 87 of Fire Inspection and Code Enforcement, _________ are materials that absorb heat but do not contribute fuel in the combustion reaction. Most common agents are drywall or gypsum.

A

Passive Agents

30
Q

Fuel that is being oxidized or burned during combustion is known as what?

A

Reducing Agent

31
Q

On page 87 of Fire Inspection and Code Enforcement, _______ fuels do not contain carbon.

A

Inorganic

32
Q

Total amount of thermal energy that could be generated by the combustion reaction if a fuel were completely burned. Measured in BTU per pound or kilojoules per gram.

A

Heat of combustion

33
Q

Total amount of heat released per unit time. Measured in kilowatts or megawatts.

A

Heat Release rate (HRR)

34
Q

On page 89 of Fire Inspection and Code Enforcement, a fuel may be found in any three physical states of matter: gas, solid, or liquid. For flaming combustion to occur, fuels must be in the _______ state.

A

gaseous

35
Q

Weight of a given volume of pure vapor or gas compared to the weight of an equal volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure is called what?

A

Vapor Density

36
Q

Mass of a substance compared to the mass of an equal volume of water at a given temperature is called what?

A

Specific gravity

37
Q

Minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off enough vapors to form an ignitable mixture with air near the liquid’s surface is called what?

A. Fire point
B. Flammable Liquid
C. Flash point
D. Flame point

A

Flash point

38
Q

Any liquid having a flash point below 100 degrees and a vapor pressure not exceeding 40 psi absolute is called what?

A. Fire point
B. Flammable Liquid
C. Flash point
D. Flame point

A

Flammable liquid

39
Q

Temperature at which a liquid fuel produces sufficient vapors to support combustion once the fuel is ignited. Must exceed 5 seconds of burning duration during the test.

A. Fire point
B. Flammable Liquid
C. Flash point
D. Flame point

A

Fire point

40
Q

Measure of the tendency of a substance to evaporate. The pressure at which a vapor is in equilibrium with its liquid phase for a given temperature is called what?

A

Vapor Pressure

41
Q

On page 90 of Fire Inspection and Code Enforcement, at sea level, the atmosphere exerts a pressure of ____ psi.

A

14.7

42
Q

Degree to which a solid, liquid, or gas dissolves in a solvent is called what?

A

Solubility

43
Q

Materials that are capable of being mixed in all proportions is called what?

A

Miscible

44
Q

On page 91 of Fire Inspection and Code Enforcement, pyrolysis of wood begins at temperatures below _____ degrees Fahrenheit. These temperatures are lower than required for ignition of the vapors being given off, which ranges from _____ to _____ degrees Fahrenheit.

A

400 degrees Fahrenheit; 1000 - 1300 degrees Fahrenheit

45
Q

On page 93 of Fire Inspection and Code Enforcement, air consists of about ____ % oxygen.

A

21 %

46
Q

On page 93 of Fire Inspection and Code Enforcement, at normal ambient temperatures (___ degrees Fahrenheit), materials can ignite and burn at oxygen concentrations as low as ____%.

A

68 degrees Fahrenheit; 14%

47
Q

Extinguishment of a fire by interruption of the chemical chain reaction is called what?

A

Chemical Flame Inhibition

48
Q

On page 96 of Fire Inspection and Code Enforcement, ______ fires involve ordinary combustion materials. The primary method of extinguishing these fires is cooling with water.

A

Class A

49
Q

On page 96 of Fire Inspection and Code Enforcement, ______ fires involve flammable and combustible liquids.

A

Class B

50
Q

On page 98 of Fire Inspection and Code Enforcement, ______ fires involve energized electrical equipment.

A

Class C

51
Q

On page 98 of Fire Inspection and Code Enforcement, _______ fires involve combustible metals.

A

Class D

52
Q

The stages of fire development are:

A

Incipient

Growth

Fully developed

Decay

53
Q

On page 102 of Fire Inspection and Code Enforcement, thermal properties of a compartment include:

A

Insulation

Heat reflectivity

Retention

54
Q

The column of hot gases, flames, and smoke rising above a fire is called what?

A

Plume

55
Q

A relatively thin layer of flowing hot gases that develops under a horizontal surface as a result of a plume impingement and the flowing gas being forced to move horizontally is called what?

A

Ceiling jet

56
Q

On page 105 of Fire Inspection and Code Enforcement, factors influencing development of a fuel-controlled fire are:

A

Mass/surface area

Chemical Content

Fuel Load

Fuel Moisture

Orientation

Continuity

57
Q

The level at a compartment opening where the difference in pressure exerted by expansion and buoyancy of hot smoke flowing out of the opening and the inward pressure of cooler, ambient temperature air flowing in through the opening is equal is called what?

A

Neutral Plane

58
Q

Rapid transition from the growth stage to the fully developed stage is called what?

A

Flashover

59
Q

On page 107 of Fire Inspection and Code Enforcement, during flashover, the fire’s volume can increase from approximately ____ to ____ of the room’s upper volume to filling the entire volume of the room and potentially extending out of any openings in the room is called?

A

1/4 - 1/2

60
Q

On page 108 of Fire Inspection and Code Enforcement, firefighters influence fire behavior in the following ways:

A

Temperature reduction

fuel removal

oxygen exclusion

chemical flame inhibition

61
Q

On page 110 of Fire Inspection and Code Enforcement, when water is converted to steam at 212 degrees Fahrenheit, it expands approximately _____ times.

A

1,700

62
Q

On page 110 of Fire Inspection and Code Enforcement, one pound of water has the ability to absorb about ____ BTUs of heat.

A

970 BTUs

63
Q

On page 110 of Fire Inspection and Code Enforcement, One gallon of water is capable of absorbing about ______ BTUs of energy.

A

8,050 BTUs

64
Q

On page 110 of Fire Inspection and Code Enforcement, water has a density of _____ pounds/gallon.

A

8.3

Fire Inspection and Code Enforcement (16 decks)

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