Ch 3 Culture Flashcards
*How is culture learned?
Through interactions
What is culture?
Total of human produced values and behaviours passed down from generation to generation
*Is culture natural?
No. We create it
*Is culture adaptive or cumulative?
Both
*Identify 2 types of culture
Material culture and non-material culture
*What is non material culture?
Language, beliefs, values, and gestures
*What is material culture?
Jewelry, food technology, weapons, housing
*What is the only real universal?
Culture itself.
Why is language so significant to culture?
Allows experiences to be cumulative, allows for shared past and future, allows goal,oriented behaviour
How do values, norms, and sanctions reflect nonmaterial culture?
All groups have values and standards which they define desirable or undesirable. Each group will encourage following of norms etc
*What are gestures?
Use of ones body to communicate with others
*Explain the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
Language=way of thinking and perceiving.
*What are values?
Ideas about what is desirable in life
*What is a folkway? (Type of value)
A custom you learn, people may laugh, but it doesn’t threaten anyone. Eg. Pjs to school
*What is a more? (Type of value)
Norms taken very seriously, eg laws.
*What is a sanction?
Positive or negative reaction to the ways people follow or deviate from norms
*What is a taboo?
Norm so enforced that the thought of it is disgusting. Eg, incest
*What is Pierre Bourdieu known for?
Cultural capital
*What would a cultural capitalist believe?
Economic obstacles are insufficient to explain disparities in the educational attainment of children in different social classes.
How do subcultures and counter cultures differ?
Subculture- values and related behaviour distinguish its members form general culture
Counter culture- holds values that counteract/oppose dominant cultures
What are cultural relativism and ethnocentrism?
Cultural relativism is trying understanding cultures in their own terms
Ethnocentrism is judging cultures based on your own
Do animals have culture?
Yes, but it is Rudimentary
How is technology changing culture?
Cultural diffusion is happening rapidly, which is leading to cultural levelling. Richness is being lost.
*What is culture shock?
When one culture fails to make sense
*What is cultural lag?
Material culture changes first, then nonmaterial.
*What is cultural levelling?
Process which cultures become similar to each other
*What is cultural diffusion?
Spread of culture from one group to another (tv, Skype, Internet)
*What is cultural imperialism?
Global Americanization of values and culture
What is a pluralistic society?
A society made up of different religious, racial, and ethic groups
What are the 5 emerging value clusters in Canada?
Leisure, self-fulfillment, physical fitness, youth, and concern for the environment
