Ch 16 Crime And Social Deviance Flashcards
*What is crime?
social behaviour designated by the law as criminal, and subject to penal sanction
*What is social deviance?
any behaviour that that violates social norms or rules, regardless of seriousness.
*Is all crime deviant?
Yes
*Is all deviance crime?
No
*Does deviance always promote social unity?
Not always. Yes if everyone is afraid of crime,people will stay away from it. But not because if you live in a crime ridden community, you wouldn’t know your neighbours, because you don’t go outside,so you don’t trust them.
*According to the Functionalist perspective does deviance create social unity?
Yes
*What do functionalists believe about social deviance? (Or consensus perspective)
That it is essential and Deviance Encourages social change and promotes unity, and clarifies mores, values and norms.
How do biologists explain deviant behaviour?
Looking for reasons within the individual like genetic predisposition
How do psychologists explain behaviour?
They look for reasons within the individual. Eg. Personality disorders
How do sociologists explain behaviour?
They look for explanations outside the individual
What is the functionalist perspective of social deviance?
People learn to deviate from associating with others
What are the 5 techniques of neutralization according to the symbolic interactionist perspective?
Denial of responsibility Denial of injury Denial of victim Condemnation of the condemners Appeal to higher loyalties
What is primary social deviance?
The acts are fleeting and have little effect on ones self concept
What is secondary social deviance?
People incorporate into their self concept, social deviance
What is tertiary social deviance?
Acts considered socially deviant are relabelled as normal
Give an example of tertiary social deviance
Prostitutes relabelling themselves as sex workers
Give an example of secondary social deviants
Women who have been in the industry for a while and now call themselves prostitutes
What is the functionalist perspective of social deviance?
Social deviance is essential for society
According to the functionalist perspective, social deviance is essential for society.. Why?
It encourages social unity, promotes social change, and affirming norms
What is the strain theory?
Societies socialize their members no desiring cultural goas, but many are unable to achieve them in socially acceptable ways, so then people use social deviant ways to achieve them.
What are Merton’s 5 types of responses to social goals?
Conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism, and rebellion
What is retreatism?
People who reject both the goals and the right way of doing things.
What is ritualism?
When someone rejects, but still wants the goals of society, but still adheres to the ‘right way’ of achieving the goals
What is rebellion?
People who reject and replace both goals and rules for achieving them, eg. Moving to a monestary
What is the conflict perspective in terms of social deviance?
The criminal justice system and laws represent the interests of the wealthy and powerful. Anything that is seen as a threat to the powerful is bad.
What is the feminist perspective when it comes to social deviance?
Men abuse women to maintain power
What are the 5 measures of control over women according to the feminist perspective?
Sexual fidelity, obedience, respect, loyalty, dependency, and secular access
What is the postmodern theory of social deviance?
We need to deconstruct the meaning of concepts such as law and order and criminal justice system.
What are 4 things that can be done about male violence against women?
Training the police to identify and charge offenders
Good job creation strategies
Social services such as shelters Andy co-op homes
Anti sexist male collectives
What are the main components of the Canadian criminal justice system?
The courts, police, and the correction system
How would feminists explain social deviance?
Patriarchy and gender discrimination are used to explain women’s criminal activities.
Who believes that law and order needs to be looked at further and deconstructed?
Postmodernism
Define three things that effect crime stats
Unreported crimes
Social class background
And police discretion
What does Dr. Thomas Szasz have to say about the medicalization of social deviance?
Argues that mental illness mess are neither mental nor illnesses; they are just problem behaviours
Who used the term stigma to refer to attributes that discredit people?
Goffman
Who coined the term differential association and what does it mean?
Sutherland, learning to deviate or to conform to societies norms is influenced by most people we associate with
What is a white collar crime?
Crimes that people of high social status commit
What year was the young offenders act changed to the youth criminal justice act?
2003
