Ch 3 Biological Bases Of Behaviour Flashcards
*What are the components of the central nervous system?
The Brain and the spinal cord
*What is aceytylcholine responsible for?
Controls skeletal muscles, attention and regulates arousal and memory
*What are the sub-systems of the peripheral nervous system?
Autonomic and somatic
*What are the sub categories of the autonomic nervous system?
Sympathetic and parasympathetic
*What are the three types of neurons?
Sensory, motor/efferent, and inter
*What are sensory neurons responsible for?
Tactile and hearing signals
*What are motor/efferent neurons responsible for?
Muscle contraction and moving limbs
*What are inter neurons responsible for?
Connect sensory neurons and motor neurons
*what does the term bio-geneticamines mean when referring to neurotransmitters?
All transmitters are derived from the same amino acids
*What are endorphins responsible for?
Pain relief and happy emotions
*What is dopamine responsible for?
Controlling voluntary movement and happy emotions
*What is noeprinephrine responsible for?
Controls mood and arousal
*What is serotonin responsible for?
Modulation of wakefulness and sleep, eating and aggression
*What would high levels of serotonin contribute to?
OCD and depression
*What is GABA responsible for Regulating?
Inhibitory effects
*What is GABA derived from?
Amino acids
*What are the four components of the limbic system?
Thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala
*What is the purpose of glia cells?
Support for the neurotransmitters and nourishment
*What type of brain is most similar to a human brain?
Reptilian, based on survival
*What is the somatosensory cortex responsible for?
Body sensitivity area (hot and cold differentiation)
*What cortex is responsible for differentiating between hot and cold?
Somatosensory
*What does the associative cortex do?
Connects all ‘centres’
*What cortex withers first?
Associative cortex
*If you get hit in the head and see stars, where were you hit?
Visual cortex
*Identify the 5 types of cortexes
Motor, somatosensory, visual, associative, auditory
*What is the medulla responsible for?
Unconscious vital behaviour eg. Breathe and heart function
*What is the cerebellum responsible for?
Coordination and movement, senses equilibrium
*What is the pons responsible for?
Sleep and arousal
*What are the 4 components of the hindbrain?
Cerebellum, pons, reticular formation, and medulla
*What are the 3 components of the forebrain?
Thalamus, hypothalamus, cerebrum, and the limbic system
*What are the 4 components of the limbic system?
Thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, and the amygdala
*What is the thalamus responsible for?
Integrating info and relays it to the brain
*What part of e limbic system could be referred to as the relay centre?
The thalamus
*What is the hypothalamus responsible for?
Feeding, fight and flight, and formication
*What part of the limbic system regulates memory, temperature, and hunger?
The hippocampus
What is the amygda responsible for?
Fear responses
*What is the difference between someone’s geneotype and phenotype?
Genotype is the genetic makeup of one person, and the phenotype is the ways the genetic makeup is manifested in observable characters
*What is the corpus callousum?
The tissues between hemispheres of the brain
*What is a neuron?
Individual cell in the nervous system that receives, integrates, and transmits information
*What is Soma?
Aka cell body. Contains nucleus And much of the chemical machinery in a regular cell
*What is a dendrite?
Part of a neuron that receives information
*What is an axon?
Long fibre that transmits signals away from the soma to other neurons
*What is the myelin sheath?
Insulating material that covers some axons
*What does temple in sheath do, other than insulating axons?
Speeds up transmission
*What do terminal buttons do?
Secrete neurotransmitters
*What are synapses?
Junction where info is transmitted from one to another
*What is the space between the terminal button. Of a neuron and the cell membrane of another?
Synaptic cleft
*What is a neuron that sends the signal to another during a synapse called?
Presynaptic neuron
*What is the neuron that recieves a signal during a synapse called?
Postsynaptic neuron
*What is a post synaptic potential?
A Voltage change at receptor site on a post synaptic ( neuron receiving signal) cell membrane
*What are the two types of messages that can be sent between neurons?
Excitatory and inhibitory
*What are excitatory signals?
A positive voltage shift that increases likelihood that post synaptic neurons will fire action potentials.
*What are inhibitory signals?
Voltage changes that decrease the likelihood that post synaptic neurons will fire action potentials
*What type of signal increases the likelihood of post synaptic neurons will fire an action potential?
Excitatory
*What type of signal decreases the likelihood of post synaptic neurons will fire an action potential?
Inhibitory signals
*What is reuptake?
When the presynaptic membrane soaks up the extra neurotransmitters
What is it called when the presynaptic membrane soaks up the extra neurotransmitters?
This is called reuptake
What type of chemical opposes action in of neurotransmitters?
Antagonist
What are the three types of monoamines?
Dopamine, noeprinephrine, and serotonin
What are endorphins?
Internally produced chemicals that resemble opiates
What are endorphins responsible for?
Modulation of pain, eating behaviour, and happy emotions
The somatic nervous system is made up of nerves that connect to….?
Skeletal muscles and sensory receptors
What do afferent nerve fibres do?
Carry info to central nervous system from outside the body
What do efferent nerve fibres do?
Carry info from central nervous system to exterior of body
What do he autonomic nervous system nerves connect to?
The heart, blood vessels, and smooth muscles and glands
What does the autonomic nervous system do?
Controls automatic, involuntary functions
What does the parasympathetic nervous system do?
Conserves resources eg slows breaking and holds bladder
What does the sympathetic nervous system do?
Mobilizes! Eg. Increases breathing and relaxes bladder
What nervous system in mobilizes and what nervous system conserves resources?
Mobilizes- sympathetic
Conserves resources-parasympathetic
What is the central nervous system comprised of?
Brain and spinal cord
What is cerebrospinal fluid?
Nutritious soup that protects the brain
What does an EEG do?
Monitors electrical activities of the brain over time
What is lesioning?
Purposely destroying a part of The brain
What is ESB or electrical stimulation
Sending a weak electrical current into a structure to activate it.
What is lesioning used for?
To study The relationship between the brain and behaviour
What is Electrical Stimulaion used for?
It’s used understand the relationship between the brain and behaviour
What are PET scans able to map out?
Brain actinic its and function
What are CT scans used to map?
Brain structure
What are MRI scans used to map?
Brain structure and activity
What is the occipital lobe responsible for?
Visual signals and starts processing
What is the parietal lobe responsible for?
Registering touch, monitoring position
What is the temporal lobe responsible for?
Auditory processing
What is the frontal lobe responsible for?
Controlling movement
Explain collateral sprouting
Axons that are adjacent to unhealthy axons and cells attach
What is neurogenesis?
Generating new neurons
What nervous system could be referred to as the accelerator?
The sympathetic n.s
What is physiognomy?
The study of body parts that tell you about personality? (Ears, eyes)
What is phenouology?
Map of brain, to look for lumps and tell your personality
What is the ID when it comes to Freud?
The pleasure part.. Seeks instant gratification
What is the ego when it comes to Freuds theory?
Reality and rationality
What is the super ego?
Society’s ideas and your consciousness’ idea of right and wrong
What is reticular formation responsible for?
Carrying stimulation related to sleep and arousal through the brain stem
What is activation synthesis?
Periodic stimulation where the brain wakes up
True or false, an action potential is all or none?
true
true or false, action potentials trigger the release of neurotransmitters
true
what are the 5 steps of synaptic transmissions?
1) storage of the neurotransmitters
2) release of neurotransmitters
3) reuptake
4) inactivation (by enzymes) or removal (by drifting)
5) binding, at receptor sites of postsynaptic neuron
axons receive or send out signals?
axons send signals
do dendrites receive or send out signals?
receive
What are the three main regions of the brain?
forebrain, hindbrain, and midbrain
true or false, the structures in the hind brain handle essential functions such as breathing, circulation, coordination and sleep and arousal?
true
true or false, the mid brain contributes to the coordination of sensory processes
true
true or false, the forebrain handles the higher functions of the brain such as hunger and sex
true.
thalamus, hunger and sex
true or false, the cerebrum is the brain area that does the most complex mental activities
true
is the left part of the brain better equipped to handle verbal processing or nonverbal processing?
verbal processing
true or false, hormone release tends to be pulsatile?
true
do hormones regulate the fight or flight response?
yes
What are the control centres of the endocrine system?
hypothlamus and pituitary gland
A neural impulse is initated when a neurons charge momentarily becomes less negative, what is the name of this event?
action potential
how does a neuron convey info about a strong stimulus (bright light) opposed to a weak stimulus (dim light)?
has a higher rate of action potentials
if you wanted to study the process of reuptake of neurotransmitters, what location would be the right place to look?
the synapse
if a patient has profound difficulty in producing spoken language, then which part of the brain is likely damaged?
Broca’s area
if you wanted a clear three dimensional image of the brain stucture, what method would you use?
MRI
Jenny has brown hair and blue eues, she is allergic to cats and enjoys playing sports. Which of the following terms is used for this description of Jenny? (geno, somato, humano, or pheno type)?
Phenotype
what is the name for spontaneuous, heritable change or error in DNA replication?
Mutation
