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Psychology 101 > Ch 15 Treatment Of Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

Ch 15 Treatment Of Psychological Disorders Flashcards

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0
Q

What are the three types of anti depressant drugs and what neurotransmitters they target

A

Monoamime oxidase inhibitors
Trycyclic
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (serotonin only)

These target serotonin and noeprinephrine

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1
Q

Explain the three steps of the cognitive therapy technique for depression

A

Examine the evidence for beliefs– is this true?
Consider other explanations for the behaviour of others
And challenge the clients unrealistic thought patterns

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2
Q

Identify three problems with drug treatment for depression

A

Drugs act quickly, but take a while to change mood
Secondary effects
Individual difference; only work for some

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3
Q

What type of drug is used to treat bipolar disorder and what does it do?

A

Lithium carbonate

Protects cells fro, being overstimulated by the neurotransmitter, glutamate

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4
Q

Who is credited sith launching modern psychotherapy, and called into question that we are
Logical, rational beings?

A

Freud

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5
Q

What are the three types of therapy?

A

Insight, behavioural,and biomedical

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6
Q

What are the two types of psychologists and what do they do?

A

Clinical– treatment of full fledged disorders
counselling– treatment of adjustment problems

All psychologists specialize in the diagnosis treatment of psychological of behavioural problems

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7
Q

Is a psychologist more likely to use behavioural techniques or psychoanalytic methods?

A

Behavioural

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8
Q

What do psychiatrists specialize in?

A

Diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders, severe disorders more so than psychologists.

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9
Q

What are insight therapies?

A

Interactions intended to enhance clients self knowledge and promote changes in personality and behaviour

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10
Q

What is psychoanalysis?

A

Emphasizes the recovery of unconscious conflicts, through techniques like free association and transference

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11
Q

What happens in free association?

A

Clients express their thoughts and feelings exactly as they occur

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12
Q

What is interpretation?

A

Attempts to explain the inner significance of the clients thoughts, feelings, and behaviours

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13
Q

Is resistance to treatment always a conscious effort?

A

Not always

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14
Q

Explain what transference is

A

When a client unconsciously starts to relate to their therapist in ways that mimic critical relationships in thier lives

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15
Q

What type of therapy is used more today, psychoanalytic or psychodynamic?

A

Psychodynamic

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16
Q

What is client centred therapy?

A

Client centred therapy is insight therapy that emphasizes providing a supportive emotional climate for clients, who play a major role in determining the pace and direction of their therapy

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17
Q

According to Carl Rogers, what would an incongruence between a persons self concept and reality do to someone?

A

Makes people feel threatened by realistic feedback

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18
Q

What type of therapists go after repressed conflicts, and which try to teach people that they don’t have to worry about pleasing others and winning acceptance? Psychoanalysts, client centred therapists

A

Phycho

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19
Q

According to bordin, what was the perfect therapeutic alliance?

A

An emotional bond between client and therapist, agreement on goals, and agreement on therapeutic tasks

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20
Q

Does Rogers stress the importance of process of therapy or climate?

A

Climate

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21
Q

According to Rogers, what 3 things make a supportive, accepting climate that clients can confront their shortcomings in?

A

Genuineness (be honest)
Unconditional positive regard (non judgemental)
And empathy (see from someone’s point of view)

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22
Q

True or false, in client centred therapy the psychologist and the client work as equals

A

True

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23
Q

Why developed positive psychology and what is it?

A

Martin seligman and it focuses on self compassion and optimism

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24
Q

How does group therapy work?

A

The therapist just relaxes and keeps a positive and safe atmosphere and allows for the clients to discuss things themselves. The therapist creates goals for the group and they all work to achieve them

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25
Q

What is family therapy based on?

A

family dynamics and communication

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26
Q

What assumptions are behaviour therapies based on?

A

The behaviour is a product of learning, and it can be unlearned

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27
Q

What is behaviour therapy?

A

Involve learning to direct efforts to change clients maladaptive behaviour

28
Q

How do behaviour therapists treat phobias?

A

Systematic desensitization

29
Q

How does systematic desensitization work?

A

By weakening the association between the conditioned stimulus (the snake) and the conditioned stimulus (the car door) and the conditioned response of anxiety

30
Q

What are the three steps of systematize desensitization?

A
  1. Therapist helps the client build and anxiety hierarchy. (A list of anxiety arousing stimuli ordered from scariest to not scary)
  2. Training the client In Deep muscle relaxation
  3. Client tries to work through hierarchy, learning to be relaxed while imagining each stimulus
31
Q

According to Wolpe, how does systematic desensitization work?

A

To recondition people so that the conditioned stimulus elicits relaxation instead of anxiety (counter conditioning)

32
Q

What treatment for phobias do therapists normally use today?

A

Exposure therapy

33
Q

How does aversion therapy work?

A

An aversive stimulus is paired with a stimulus that elicits an undesirable response, think clockwork orange. It works by classical conditioning

34
Q

What is social skills training and what are the main goals of it?

A

Behaviour therapy that is designed to improve interpersonal skills that emphasizes modelling, behavioural rehearsal, and shaping

35
Q

What are the three emphasized things in social skills training?

A
  1. Modelling–watch friends and try to learn behaviour
  2. behavioural rehearsal– practice techniques in role playing
  3. shaping– gradually asked to handle ,ore complicated and delicate situations
36
Q

True or false social skills training deep da on the principles of operant conditioning and observational learning.

A

True

37
Q

What is cognitive-behavioural treatments?

A

Use of a combination of verbal interventions and behaviour modification techniques to help clients change maladaptive patterns of thinking

38
Q

What is cognitive therapy?

A

Using specific strategies to correct habitual thinking errors that underline various types of disorders

39
Q

True or false, clients are taught to detect their automatic negative thoughts in cognitive behavioural treatments

A

True

40
Q

What is self instructional training?

A

Clients are taught to develop and use verbal statements that help them to cope with difficult contexts

41
Q

What can self instructional training help clients do?

A

Deal with current stressors, may help inoculate them against future stress

42
Q

What type of treatment would concentrate on changing the way clients think about events in their lives and reeducate themselves about negative thoughts?

A

Cognitive behavioural

43
Q

What type of therapy depends on modelling, behavioural rehearsal, and homework assignments?

A

Cognitive behavioural

44
Q

Do insight therapists or behavioural therapists place more emphasis on the importance of measuring therapeutic outcomes?

A

Behaviour therapists

45
Q

What are the two types of biomedical therapies

A

Drug therapy and electro convulsive therapy

46
Q

What are the 4 main types of psychiatric drugs and what are they used for?

A

Anti anxiety, relieve tension, apprehension
antipsychotic, used to reduce symptoms
anti depressant, used to elevate mood
mood stabilizers, used to control mood swings

47
Q

What are anti psychotic drugs typically used for treating?

A

Schizophrenia

48
Q

What are the benefits of an atypical antipsychotic drug over a regular anti psychotic drug?

A

Less side effects, may work for some that regular drugs don’t work on, less risk for tarditive dyskinesia

49
Q

What are the benefits of SSRIs over Trycyclic drugs, and what do they do?

A

Slow the reuptake process. They produce s lot less side effects

50
Q

Why have SSRIs been less and less given to treat adolescents?

A

Because they slightly increase chance of suicide

51
Q

What is the newest type of antidepressant called and what does it target?

A

Snris, targets noeprinephrine and serotonin at the synapses

52
Q

True or false, you could use lithium and valproate in combination to treat bipolar disorder

A

True

53
Q

What is ECT?

A

Biomedical treatment in which electric shock is used to produce a cortical seizure as well as convulsions.

54
Q

What is ECT used for?

A

Treating depression

55
Q

How effective is ECT?

A

Not sure, it’s very controversial

56
Q

What are some of the risks of ect?

A

Memory loss, Impaired attention.

57
Q

What is transcranial magnetic stimulation?

A

Allows scientists to temporarily enhance or depress activity I’m s specific part of the brain

58
Q

What is deep brain stimulation and what has it been shown to be effective in?

A

A thin electrode is surgically implanted so that electrical currents cam be delivered to specific areas of the brain. It may help with depression or ocd

59
Q

What have researchers found when they have combined insight therapy with drug therapy?

A

That they help each other

60
Q

What is eclecticism in therapy?

A

Drawing ideas from 2 or more systems of therapy instead of committing to one system

61
Q

Why is therapy underutilized in some ethnic groups?

A

Cultural barriers, language barriers, institutional barriers (culture gap)

62
Q

What were the main principles (3) of the mental health movement in the 1960s, and what led up to it?

A

Local care, less dependency on hospitals, prevention of psychological disorders. Lack of proper funding and care in mental hospitals

63
Q

What is deinstitutionalization and what problems has it been blamed for?

A

Transferring the treatment of mental illness from impatient institutions to community based facilities that emphasize outpatient care. Revolving door problem and increased homelessness

64
Q

Is increased homelessness a mental health problem or an economic problem?

A

Economic

65
Q

True or false, if using behaviour therapy, the goal is to alter the frequency of specific problematic responses by using conditioning techniques

A

True

66
Q

What type of therapy would make someone justify their negative statement with evidence?

A

Cognitive

67
Q

Explain what a Token economy is, what type of conditioning it uses

A

behavior modification based on the reinforcement of target behavior. The reinforcers are symbols or “tokens” that can be exchanged for other reinforcers.
A token economy is based on the principles of operant conditioning

67
Q

What is the difference between operant and classical conditioning

A

Classical conditioning involves pairing a previously neutral stimulus (such as the sound of a bell) with an unconditioned stimulus (the taste of food).
s salivating as a response to the food, which is known as the unconditioned response. After associating the neutral stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus, the sound of the bell alone will start to evoke salivating as a response. The sound of the bell is now known as the conditioned stimulus and salivating in response to the bell is known as the conditioned response.

Operant conditioning focuses on using either reinforcement or punishment to increase or decrease a behavior. B.F skinner

Psychology 101 (8 decks)

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