Ch 3: Bioenergetics Flashcards
ATPase
Enzyme that catalyzes ATP hydrolysis
Adenlyate Kinase Reaction
Single enzyme reaction that produces ATP and AMP from ADP
Difference between slow glycolysis and fast glycolysis
Slow: Pyruvate enters mitochondria with NADH and fuels exercise for 1-3 minutes
Fast: Pyruvate converted to lactate in sarcoplasm and fuels exercise for 15-30 seconds
Allosteric Inhibition
The end product decreases turnover rate and slows product formation by binding to the regulatory enzymes
Allosteric Activation
The turnover rate is increased by the “activator” binding to the enzyme
Beta Oxidation
Process by which free fatty acids gets broken down into Acetyl-COA and hydrogen protons
BCAA’s
Major amine acids such as leucine, isoleucine, and valine that get oxidized in skeletal muscle
Calcium ATPase
Enzyme that catalyzes ATP in the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Combination training
Training for both aerobic and anaerobic sports
Cory cycle
Process by which lactate is transferred to the liver where it gets converted to glucose
CK
enzyme that catalyzes ATP synthesis from CP and ADP
Cytochrome
Series of electron carriers in the ETC
EPOC
Oxygen debt
FADH2
Transports hydrogen ions to ETC to be used to produce ATP from ADP
Gluconeogenesis
Formation of glucose from non glucose source
Glycogenolysis
Breakdown of muscle glycogen to glucose
Glycolysis
The breakdown of carbohydrates to resynthesizes ATP
Law of Mass Action
Concentrations of products or reactants will drive reaction direction
Metabolic acidosis
Exercise induced decrease in pH
Myokinase reaction
Single enzyme reaction that produces ATP and AMP from ADP
Oxidative phosphorylation
Resynthesis of ATP in the ETC
Phosphagen system
Energy system responsible for short term, high intensity exercise field by ATP and PCr
PFK
Rate-limiting step in glycolysis
Phosphorylation
The addition of an inorganic phosphate to another molecule
Substrate-level phosphorylation
The direct resynthesis of ATP from ADP during a single reaction
Oxidative system
Sustains low intensity, long duration exercise for exercise lasting longer than 3 minutes
Work to rest ratio for the energy systems
Phosphagen: 1:12 - 1:20
Fast glycolysis: 1:3-1:5
Slow glycolysis: 1:3-1:4
Oxidative: 1:1-1:3
Top biogenetic Limiting Factors for marathon running, triathlon, 5000m run, 1500 m run, 400 m swim, 400m run, 100m run, discus, and repeated snatches
Marathon: muscle glycogen
Triatholon: muscle glycogen, liver glycogen
5000m run: muscle glycogen
1500m run: muscle glycogen
400m swim: muscle glycogen
400m run: lower pH
100m run: ATP and PCr
discus: ATP and PCr
repeated snatch: ATP and PCr, muscle glycogen, lower pH
