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CSCS > Ch 11: Performance Enhancers > Flashcards

Ch 11: Performance Enhancers Flashcards

1
Q

The difference between a drug and a dietary supplement

A

FDA approval for safety and effectiveness

Dietary supplements need less approval

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2
Q

Stacking

A

Several drugs administered simulatenlously to increase the potency of each via as additive effect

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3
Q

Cyclic Pattern

A

Use drug for several weeks or months and alternate these cycles with periods of discontinued use

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4
Q

How long does a typical cycle last?

A

5-10 weeks

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5
Q

Muscle dysmorphia

A

Reverse anorexia nervosa

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6
Q

Ergogenic benefits of anabolic steroids

A

Increased muscle mass, strength, athletic performance

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7
Q

Side effects of anabolic steroids

A

Testicular atrophy
Low FSH, LH, and testosterone levels
High HDL
Increase in water retention (bloating)
Increases in anger, aggression, irritability, arousal, self-esteem

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8
Q

Signs and symptoms of ergogenic aid abuse : cardiovascular system

A

Changes in lipid profile
Elevated BP
Decreased myocardial function

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9
Q

Signs and symptoms of ergogenic aid abuse : Endocrine system

A

Gynecomastia
Decreased sperm count
Testicular atrophy
Impotence and transient infertility

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10
Q

Signs and symptoms of ergogenic aid abuse : Genitourinary

A

Males: Decreased sperm count and testicular size

Females: cycle irregularities, clitoromegaly, deepening of voice, masculinization

Both: gynecomastia, libido changes

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11
Q

Signs and symptoms of ergogenic aid abuse : Dermatological

A

Acne, Male pattern baldness

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12
Q

Signs and symptoms of ergogenic aid abuse : Hepatic

A

Increased risk of liver tumors and liver damage

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13
Q

Signs and symptoms of ergogenic aid abuse : Musculoskeletal

A

Premature epiphyseal plate closure, increased risk of tendon tears, intramuscular abscess

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14
Q

Signs and symptoms of ergogenic aid abuse : Psychological

A

Mania, depression, aggression, hostility, mood swings

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15
Q

Prohormones

A

Precursors to the synthesis of other hormone and are theorized to increase the body’s ability to produce a given specific hormone

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16
Q

HCG

A

Hormone obtained from the placenta of a pregnant woman and is closely related to LH in structure and function

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17
Q

Efficacy of HCG

A

In men: increased testosterone production

Allows for increase in endogenous testosterone levels at the end of a cycle

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18
Q

HCG Adverse effects

A

Pain, swelling, and tenderness around injection site

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19
Q

Insulin

A

Anabolic hormone that is secreted with in response to high blood sugar

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20
Q

HGH

A

Anterior Pituitary hormone that needs to be injected to see the benefits which include bone and skeletal synthesis and releasing fatty acids from fat cells

21
Q

HGH efficacy

A

Needs to be injected to see effects

Does not show up on urine drug test

22
Q

HGH adverse effects

A

Acrogmegaly
Diabetes
Cardiovascular dysfunction
Muscle, joint, and bone pain
Hypertension
Accerlerated osteoarthritis

23
Q

EPO

A

Increases RBC mass

24
Q

EPO and exercise

A

EPO increases in response to chronic aerobic endurance exercise

25
Q

EPO efficacy

A

Associated with increases in hematocrit and hemoglobin

26
Q

EPO Adverse effects

A

Viscosity, lack of predictability

27
Q

B-agonists

A

Substances related to epinephrine

28
Q

B-agnosts efficay (clenbuterol)

A

Increase lean muscle mass and reduce subcutaneous fat

29
Q

Typical regimen for clenbuterol

A

Doses twice the recommended amount in a cyclic fashion

30
Q

B-blockers

A

Block B-adrenergic receptors and prevent catecholemines from binding

31
Q

B-Blockers benefits

A

Reduce anxiety and tremors

32
Q

EAAs

A

Not produced in the body and must be obtained through the diet

33
Q

Key amino acid for stimulating muscle protein synthesis?

A

Leucine through enhancement of Akt/mTOR pathway

34
Q

Arginine

A

Required for synthesis of protein and creatine and its metabolism results in the production of nitric oxide

35
Q

Nitric oxide levels and exercise

A

During exercise, nitric oxide levels increase so blood flow can increase

36
Q

HMB

A

Derivavitve of leucine

37
Q

Muscle buffering capacity

A

The ability to regulate H+ concentration in skeletal muscle during high intensity exercise

Strong correlation with MBC and exercise capacity

38
Q

Sodium bicarbonate

A

Neutralizes acidity and increases blood pH

39
Q

Sodium Citrate

A

Increase blood pH without GI distress associated with sodium bicarbonate

40
Q

Creatine

A

Compund naturally synthesized in the body and helps to supply energy to the body

98% in skeletal muscle

41
Q

Creatine and exercise

A

As CP stores decline, so does the ability to perform high-intensity exercise

As high-intensity exercise duration increases, the ability of CP to serve as an energy source is reduced

42
Q

Creatine supplementation typical dose

A

20-25 g daily for 5 days OR .3g/kg body weight followed by a maintenance dose of 2g/day

Once dosing stopped will return to baseline levels

43
Q

Why do you need an initial loading dose with creatine?

A

If don’t it will take longer to reach desired levels

44
Q

Creatine and body weight

A

Increases in FFM and TBW

45
Q

Caffeine

A

A stimulant that increases fat oxidation and increases power production

46
Q

Doses of caffeine that is beneficial

A

3-9 mg/kg BW

47
Q

Preworkout energy drinks

A

Enhance workouts, sport performance, and faster training adaptations

48
Q

Ephedrine

A

When combined with caffeine can improve aerobic endurance performance

49
Q

Citrus aurantium

A

When combined with caffeine and other herbal products see improvements in exercise time to fatigue

CSCS (17 decks)

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