Ch 12 & 13 : Testing Flashcards
Concurrent Validity
Extent to which test scores are associated with those of other accepted tests that measure the same ability
Construct Validity
Extent that test measures what it is supposed to
Content Validity
Assessments by experts that test covers what it should
Convergent Validity
Correlation between results of the test and is known as the gold standard
Criterion-Referenced Validity
Test scores associated with some other measure of the same ability
Face validity
appearance to the athlete and others
Predictive Validity
Degree to which test corresponds with future performance
Discriminant Validity
Ability of a test to distinguish between 2 different constructs and is evidence by a low correlation between
Interrater Agreement/Reliability
Degree to which different raters agree in their results
Intrasubject Variability
Lack of consistent performance from athlete
Intrarater variability
Lack of consistent scores given by tester
Test-retest reliability
correlation of scores from 2 tests administered
Reliable vs Valid
Reliable: Measure of degree of consistency
Validity: Does this measure what it’s supposed to?
Factors that decrease test validity
Temperature of over 80 and humidity above 50%
Order of tests
- nonfatiguing
- agility
- max power and strength
- sprint
- local muscular endurance
- fatiguing anaerobic capacity
- aerobic capacity
Formatitive evaluation
periodic evaluation based on mid tests
How to increase test reliability?
- Proper warm up
- Test at same time of day
Aerobic Power/Aerobic Capacity
Maximum rate an athlete can produce energy through oxidation of energy sources
Anaerobic Capacity
Maximum rate energy is produced via the phosphate and anaerobic glycolytic system and lasts between 30-90 seconds
Anaerobic Power
The ability of muscle tissue to exert high forces while contracting at high speeds
Balance
The ability to maintain center of gravity over a base of support
Stability
The ability to return to the desired position following a disturbance of a system
Athletic Profile
A group of test results that are important factors for quality performance in a sport
Effect size
Used for calculating group performance
Magnitidue Statistics
Allows for interpretation of clinical significance of fitness testing
Variability
The degree of dispersion of scores within a group
Mean
The average of scores
Most common used
Median
The middle most score arranged numerically
Best to use when 1 or 2 scores is drastically different from the rest
Mode
The score that appears most frequently
Least useful
Maximum Muscular Strength Tests
- 1 RM Bench Press
- 1RM Bench Pull
- 1RM Back Squat
Maximum Muscular Power Tests
- 1RM power clean
- Standing long jump
- Vertical Jump
- Static Vertical Jump
- Reactive Strength Index
- Margaria-Kalamen Test
Anaerobic Capacity Tests
- 300-Yard shuttle
Local Muscular Endurance Tests
- Partial Curl-Up
- Push-Up
- YMCA Bench Press Test
Aerobic Capacity Tests
- 1.5-Mile Run
- 12-minute run
- Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test
- Maximal aerobic speed test
Agility Tests
- T-Test
- Hexagon Test
- Pro Agility Test
- 505 Agility Test
Speed Tests
- Straight-Line Sprint Tests
Balance and Stability Tests
- BESS
- SEBT
Flexibility Tests
- Sit-and-Reach Test
- Overhead squat
Body Composition Tests
- Skinfold Measurements
Anthropometry Tests
- Girth Measurements
1RM Bench Press for females
Power Sports - 50th percentile around 95
Intermittent Sports - 50th percentile around 106
1RM Back Squats for females
Power Sports - 50th percentile around 130
Intermittent Sports - 50th percentile around 130
1RM Bench Press for males in football
high school 14-15 - 50th percentile 170
high school 16-18 - 50th percentile 215
NCAA Divison 1 - 50th percentile 300
NCAA Division 2 - 50th percentile 280
1RM Back squat for males in football
high school 14-15 - 50th percentile 295
high school 16-18 - 50th percentile 335
NCAA Divison 1 - 50th percentile 395
NCAA Division 2 - 50th percentile 265
1RM Bench press for males
Power - 50th percentile 225
Intermittent- 50th percentile 225
1RM Back squat for males
Power - 50th percentile 270
Intermittent - 50th percentile 265
Norms for standing long jump in male and female athletes (50th percentile)
Male - 110
Female - 98
Reactive Strength Index Steps
- Begin on top of drop box that is at least 0.2 m behind mat
- Place hands on hips, step forward off box without stepping down or jumping up
- Upon contact with mat jump as high as possible while minimizing contact time as much as possible
- Calculated as jump height/contact time
What step contacts are counted in the Margaria-Kalamen Test?
3 - 9
300 Yard Shuttle Steps
- On signal athlete sprints to the line 25 yards away, makes contact with, and then sprint back as fast as possible
- 6 round trips made without stopping
- Rest 5 minutes and repeat
Partial Curl-Up steps
- Athlete supine with knees at 90 degree angle
- Metronome set to 40bpm
- Lift shoulder blades off the mat at 30 degree angle
- Make sure upper back touches the mat before each curl-up
- Maximum number 75
Push-Up Steps
- Men starts with standard position and women with knees on ground flexed at 90 degrees with ankles crossed
- Low position when chest makes contact for men but no standard for women
- AMRAP
YMCA Bench Press Test Steps
- Males resistance at 80 pounds and women at 35 pounds
- Metronome set to 60bpm to get 30 reps per minutes
- Goes until can’t keep up with metronome
Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test
- Run forward to turning line making sure to place one foot on or over and run back to starting line in time for next sound
- When start marker is paused jog to 5m mark then walk back
- Terminate when can’t keep pace for 2 trials
- Record last level and number of 2x20 intervals performed
Maximal Aerobic Speed Test Steps
- Athletes start at 10 km/h and increase by 1km/h every 2 minutes until the athlete cannot maintain speed
- Last speed maintained considered to be one associated with VO2max or MAS
- Test terminated if athlete fails to reach next cone on 2 consecutive occasions
- At last stage speed increases to .5 km/h if able to run a half stage
- Calculate VO2 max by multiplying 3.5 x MAS
T-Test Steps
- Run forward 10 yards to B
- Shuffle 5 yards to C
- Shuffle 10 yards to 5
- Shuffle 5 yards to B
- Backpedal 10 yards to A
Reasons for disqualification of T-Test
- Cross over feet
- Fails to touch base of cone
- Fails to face forward for the entire test
Hexagon Test Steps
- Double-leg hops from center of hexagon over each side and back to center in clockwise formation until all 6 sides covered around for a total of 18 jumps
Reasons to stop hexagon test
- Lands on a side instead of over
- Loses balance and takes extra step or changes direction
Pro Agility/20-Yard shuttle steps
- Start at center
- sprint 5 yards left
- sprint 10 yards right
- sprint 5 yards to center
505 Agility Test Steps
- Sprints forward 10 m
- sprints an extra 5 m to turning line where you need to turn and accelerate off the line
BESS 3 Stances (All with eyes closed, first set on ground, next set on unstable surface)
- Double leg stance with feet together
- Single leg stance with non dominant on ground and other leg in air at 90 degree flexion
- Tandem with dominant in front of nondominant
BESS Test Errors
- Opening eyes
- lifting hips
- touchdown of nonstance foot
- step, hop, or other movement
- lifting forefoot or heel
- moving hip into more than 30 degree hip flexion or abduction
- remaining out of position for > 5 seconds
SEBT Test
- Athlete stays on one leg and reaches in one direction while reaching with contralateral leg as far as possible toward each piece of tape
Reasons to discard SEBT
- Doesn’t touch line
- lifts stance foot off center grid
- loses balance
- does not maintain return positions for 1 full second
Sit-and-Reach Test Steps
- Warm up with ballistics including the hamstrings and lower back
- sit shoeless with feet 12 inches apart and reach forward as far as possible
Overhead Squat Test Step
- OH squat at least 5 times and tester views from the side to assess physical competency
Skinfold measurement sties
- chest
- thigh
- midaxilla
- abdomen
- triceps
- suprailium
- sub scapula
- calf
Girth measurement sites
- chest
- right upper arm
- right forearm
- waist
- hips
- right thigh
- right calf
Average standing long jump for men
10.4 inches
Women’s volleyball D1 averages
Bench - 98 lbs
Squat - 143 lbs
vertical jump - 20 inches
Men’s national soccer averages
bench - 182 lbs
squat - 360 lbs
vertical jump - 15.5 inches
Push up average for men and women
Men - 22-28
Women - 15-20
YMCA bench averages for men and women
Men - 26
Women - 21
VO2 max averages for men and women
Men - 43.9
Women - 37.8
Sit and reach averages for men and women
Men - 15 inches
Women - 19 inches
Partial Curl up averages for both men and women
Men - 27
Women - 27