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Anatomy > Ch 3 Anatomy > Flashcards

Ch 3 Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

All cells are

A

Microscopic

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2
Q

Cells differ notably in

A

Shape

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3
Q

Cells contain

A

Cytoplasm

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4
Q

Cytoplasm is

A

A substance found only in cells

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5
Q

Organelles are specialized structures within the

A

Cytoplasm

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6
Q

Cell interior is surrounded by

A

Plasma membrane

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7
Q

Plasm means

A

Substance

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8
Q

Each cell in the body is surrounded by a thin membrane, the

A

Plasma membrane

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9
Q

Dilute saltwater solution called

A

Interstitial fluid (IF) or tissue fluid, which bathes every cell in the body

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10
Q

An ovum is

A

Female sex cell

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11
Q

Numerous specialized structures are called

A

Organelles. Contained within the cytoplasm

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12
Q

A small circular body is called

A

Nucleus

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13
Q

The 3 main parts of a cell are

A

Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus

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14
Q

The membrane that encloses the cytoplasm and forms outer boundary of the cells is called

A

Plasma membrane

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15
Q

What are the 2 lipid-based molecules that make up the structure of the plasma membrane

A

Phospholipids and cholesterol

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16
Q

A term that refers to a small structure inside the cell. Means “little organs”

A

Organelle

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17
Q

The movement of substance across a cell membrane using cell energy is called

A

Active transport

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18
Q

Is the movement of substances across the cell membrane without using cell energy is called

A

Passive transport

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19
Q

The movement of fluids or dissolved molecules into the cell by trapping them in the plasma membrane is called

A

Pinocytosis

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20
Q

Are 2 nucleic acids that are involved in transcription

A

DNA and mRNA

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21
Q

The process in protein synthesis that uses the information in mRNA to build a protein molecule is called

A

Translation

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22
Q

The process that forms the mRNA molecule is

A

Transcription

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23
Q

I a segment of base pairs in a chromosome is called

A

Gene

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24
Q

The total genetic information package in a cell is called

A

Genome

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25
Q

Active transport mechanisms that move charged particles against their concentration gradient to concentrate them one one side of a plasma membrane is called

A

Ion pumps

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26
Q

The 3 forms of passive transport are

A

Filtration, dialysis, and osmosis

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27
Q

During this stage of mitosis, the chromosomes move away from the center of the cell

A

Anaphase

28
Q

During this stage of the cell cycle, DNA in the nucleus replicates

A

Interphase

29
Q

During this stage of mitosis, the chromosomes align in the center of the cell

A

Metaphase

30
Q

During this stage of mitosis, the chromatin condenses into chromosomes

A

Prophase

31
Q

During this stage of mitosis, the nuclear envelope and nuclei reappear

A

Telophase

32
Q

“Protein factories” in the cell, made of RNA

A

Ribosome

33
Q

Tubelike passages that carry substances through the cytoplasm

A

Endoscopic reticulum

34
Q

Directs protein synthesis, the brain of the cell

A

Nucleus

35
Q

2 identical cell results from

A

Cell division, growing tissue or replacing old or damaged cells

36
Q

Process by which daughter cells can specialize and form different kinds of tissue is called

A

Differentiation

37
Q

Abnormalities of mitotic division can produce

A

Benign or malignant neoplasm tumors

38
Q

A series of 3 nucleotide bases in mRNA that acts as a code for amino acid is

A

Codon

39
Q

Carries a specific amino acid and has an Anitcodon

A

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

40
Q

Double standard DNA separates to form

A

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

41
Q

RNA molecules are made from

A

Genes that do not code directly for proteins

42
Q

RNA molecules regulate

A

Cell processes, such as protein synthesis

43
Q

How many chromosomes does DNA have

A

46

44
Q

Proteins determine the

A

Structure and function of cells

45
Q

Phagocytosis (cell eating) engulfs

A

Large particles in a vesicle

46
Q

Pinocytosis (cell drinking) engulf

A

Fluids or dissolved substances into cells

47
Q

An ion pump is a

A

Protein complex in the cell membrane

48
Q

Ion pumps use energy from

A

ATP to move substances across cell

49
Q

Filtration is

A

Movement of water and solutes caused by hydrostatic pressure

50
Q

In osmosis

A

Water moves in a direction that produces equilibrium

51
Q

Moves substances into and out of cells

A

Transport process

52
Q

Single projections that act as “tails” of sperm cells

A

Flagella

53
Q

Hairlike extensions with inner microtubules found on free or exposed surfaces of all cells

A

Cilia

54
Q

Short extension of the plasma membrane that increase surface area and produce slight movements

A

Microvilli

55
Q

Nuclear chromosomes contain

A

DNA which contains the genetic code

56
Q

DNA molecules become tightly coiled chromosomes during

A

Cell division

57
Q

Paired organelles that lie at right angles to each other within the centrosome

A

Centrioles

58
Q

Often called power plants of the cell

A

Mitochondria

59
Q

Called the chemical processing and packaging center

A

Golgi apparatus

60
Q

Rough ER does what

A

Collects, folds, and transport

61
Q

Smooth ER does what

A

Synthesizes chemicals, makes new membranes

62
Q

Cytoskeleton is made up of

A

Microfilament and microtubules

63
Q

Plasma membrane forms

A

Outer boundary of cell

64
Q

Phago means

A

To eat

65
Q

Pino means

A

To drink

Anatomy (9 decks)

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