Ch 3 Anatomy Flashcards
All cells are
Microscopic
Cells differ notably in
Shape
Cells contain
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm is
A substance found only in cells
Organelles are specialized structures within the
Cytoplasm
Cell interior is surrounded by
Plasma membrane
Plasm means
Substance
Each cell in the body is surrounded by a thin membrane, the
Plasma membrane
Dilute saltwater solution called
Interstitial fluid (IF) or tissue fluid, which bathes every cell in the body
An ovum is
Female sex cell
Numerous specialized structures are called
Organelles. Contained within the cytoplasm
A small circular body is called
Nucleus
The 3 main parts of a cell are
Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus
The membrane that encloses the cytoplasm and forms outer boundary of the cells is called
Plasma membrane
What are the 2 lipid-based molecules that make up the structure of the plasma membrane
Phospholipids and cholesterol
A term that refers to a small structure inside the cell. Means “little organs”
Organelle
The movement of substance across a cell membrane using cell energy is called
Active transport
Is the movement of substances across the cell membrane without using cell energy is called
Passive transport
The movement of fluids or dissolved molecules into the cell by trapping them in the plasma membrane is called
Pinocytosis
Are 2 nucleic acids that are involved in transcription
DNA and mRNA
The process in protein synthesis that uses the information in mRNA to build a protein molecule is called
Translation
The process that forms the mRNA molecule is
Transcription
I a segment of base pairs in a chromosome is called
Gene
The total genetic information package in a cell is called
Genome
Active transport mechanisms that move charged particles against their concentration gradient to concentrate them one one side of a plasma membrane is called
Ion pumps
The 3 forms of passive transport are
Filtration, dialysis, and osmosis
During this stage of mitosis, the chromosomes move away from the center of the cell
Anaphase
During this stage of the cell cycle, DNA in the nucleus replicates
Interphase
During this stage of mitosis, the chromosomes align in the center of the cell
Metaphase
During this stage of mitosis, the chromatin condenses into chromosomes
Prophase
During this stage of mitosis, the nuclear envelope and nuclei reappear
Telophase
“Protein factories” in the cell, made of RNA
Ribosome
Tubelike passages that carry substances through the cytoplasm
Endoscopic reticulum
Directs protein synthesis, the brain of the cell
Nucleus
2 identical cell results from
Cell division, growing tissue or replacing old or damaged cells
Process by which daughter cells can specialize and form different kinds of tissue is called
Differentiation
Abnormalities of mitotic division can produce
Benign or malignant neoplasm tumors
A series of 3 nucleotide bases in mRNA that acts as a code for amino acid is
Codon
Carries a specific amino acid and has an Anitcodon
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Double standard DNA separates to form
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
RNA molecules are made from
Genes that do not code directly for proteins
RNA molecules regulate
Cell processes, such as protein synthesis
How many chromosomes does DNA have
46
Proteins determine the
Structure and function of cells
Phagocytosis (cell eating) engulfs
Large particles in a vesicle
Pinocytosis (cell drinking) engulf
Fluids or dissolved substances into cells
An ion pump is a
Protein complex in the cell membrane
Ion pumps use energy from
ATP to move substances across cell
Filtration is
Movement of water and solutes caused by hydrostatic pressure
In osmosis
Water moves in a direction that produces equilibrium
Moves substances into and out of cells
Transport process
Single projections that act as “tails” of sperm cells
Flagella
Hairlike extensions with inner microtubules found on free or exposed surfaces of all cells
Cilia
Short extension of the plasma membrane that increase surface area and produce slight movements
Microvilli
Nuclear chromosomes contain
DNA which contains the genetic code
DNA molecules become tightly coiled chromosomes during
Cell division
Paired organelles that lie at right angles to each other within the centrosome
Centrioles
Often called power plants of the cell
Mitochondria
Called the chemical processing and packaging center
Golgi apparatus
Rough ER does what
Collects, folds, and transport
Smooth ER does what
Synthesizes chemicals, makes new membranes
Cytoskeleton is made up of
Microfilament and microtubules
Plasma membrane forms
Outer boundary of cell
Phago means
To eat
Pino means
To drink
