anatomy module 6 questions and answers Flashcards
Blood in the aorta
was ejected from the left ventricle, is rich in oxygen, and has just passed through a semilunar valve.
The innermost layer of an artery or vein is called the
both the tunica intima and endothelium.
The heart is supplied with blood by
arteries that branch directly from the aorta.
The outermost layer of an artery or vein is called the
tunica externa
Which of the following is not true of the atria?
Receive blood from arteries returning to the heart
The heart is located
mostly to the left of the midline of the sternum
The pericardium is composed of
serous membrane.
The innermost layer of the heart is called the
endocardium.
The electrical connectors between heart muscle cells are called
intercalated disks.
Which white blood cells directly attack microbes?
T lymphocytes
Plasma
carries almost all of the food to the cells.
Pernicious anemia is caused by:
lack of vitamin B 12
The red blood cell
has no nucleus
Which white blood cells help protect the body from parasites?
Eosinophils
The lack of this substance produced by the stomach lining can cause pernicious anemia.
Intrinsic factor
A person exposed to hepatitis is given a shot of gamma globulin (an antibody against hepatitis) to keep him from coming down with the disease. This is an example of:
artificial passive immunity.
Chemicals that are released from cells to act as direct agents of innate immunity are called:
Keyword c
cytokines
Which of the following is not part of the body’s innate immunity?
Antibodies
An important function of lymph nodes is
defense and the formation of white blood cells
Lymph flowing through the lymphatic capillaries moves into larger vessels called
Keyword l and v
lymphatic venules
Tonsils at the base of the tongue are called
lingual tonsils
lymph nodes can be the size of a
pinhead or the size of a lima bean
lymph can
carry cancer cells that can be trapped in lymph nodes, are a possible route for the spread of cancer, and carry bacteria to lymph nodes.
The pulmonary vein returns oxygen-rich blood to the
left atrium.
The correct sequence for the conducting system is
sinoatrial node, AV node, AV bundle, Purkinje fibers.
In a normal ECG tracing, the T wave represents the
repolarization of the ventricles
The volume of blood ejected from the ventricles during each beat is called
stroke volume
Another name for the visceral pericardium is the
epicardium
In a normal ECG tracing, the QRS complex represents the
depolarization of the ventricles
The first blood vessel of systemic circulation is the
aorta
Antigens cause immature B cells to
become plasma cells
Lymphocytes can be found in
the lymph nodes, thymus, and liver
These cells develop into macrophages once in the tissue
Monocytes
The cisterna chyli
is part of the thoracic duct
Globulins
assist in fighting infection
Myeloid tissue is
also called red bone marrow and is important in the formation of red blood cells
serum
is made from blood plasma
The blood type with no antigens on the blood cell and both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the plasma is
type O
Blood usually accounts for about:
7% to 9% of body weight
These plasma proteins are necessary for blood clotting:
both fibrinogen and prothrombin
Which white blood cells are phagocytes?
Monocytes
The approximate number of platelets in a cubic millimeter of blood is:
300,000
A patient with a thicker-than-normal buffy coat may have:
an infection or leukemia
A patient with a thinner-than-normal buffy coat may have
leucopenia
Red bone marrow is found in greatest amounts in the
sternum and hipbone
The “universal recipient” blood type is
type AB
Blood that has just passed through the tricuspid valve is in the
right ventricle.
Central venous blood pressure:
can be almost zero in the inferior vena cava
Chordae tendineae
are attached to the atrioventricular valves
Which of the following is not true of arteries?
They carry blood away from the capillaries.
The spleen has a very rich blood supply and may contain
. 500 mL of blood
Which of the following is not true of the thymus gland?
Most of the thymus gland is found in the neck
Swelling, one sign of inflammation, is caused by:
increased vessel permeability.
When an antigen and a complement protein combine
it helps kill cells on whose surface complement-binding takes place and the complement cascade is initiated.
This cell is not considered an antigen-presenting cell
neutrophils
Which tonsils are located on either side of the throat?
Palatine tonsils
The spleen
helps filter out bacteria
Which of the following cells is not a phagocyte?
Lymphocytes
The immunity that is passed from mother to fetus is an example of
natural passive immunity.
Antibodies are important in what type of immune response?
reacts faster than innate immunity
The blood cells with the longest circulating life span are the:
nongranular white blood cells.
Which of the following is not a granular leukocyte?
Monocyte
In the final step in the blood-clotting process:
thrombin reacts with fibrinogen to form fibrin
Polycythemia can be caused by
. too many red blood cells being made.
Erythroblastosis fetalis
occurs in the case of an Rh-positive baby and an Rh-negative mother.
The layer of the arteries and veins that contains smooth muscle tissue is the
tunica media
The blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart are the:
veins
The upper chambers of the heart are
receiving chambers
When the left ventricle contracts, it pushes blood through a valve to the
aorta
The first heart sound is the closing of the
tricuspid and mitral valves
Blood that has just passed through the bicuspid valve is in the:
left ventricle.
Blood in the pulmonary artery:
has just passed through a semilunar valve.
