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Anatomy > ch 15, 19, 20 review exam > Flashcards

ch 15, 19, 20 review exam Flashcards

1
Q

Which term refers to a normal respiratory rate?

A

Eupnea

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2
Q

The most important muscle(s) of forced expiration is (are) the

A

internal intercostals and abdominal muscles

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3
Q

The inspiratory and expiratory centers are located in the

A

brainstem

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4
Q

The function of the surfactant in the lung is to help

A

reduce the surface tension of water in the alveoli.

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5
Q

Carbon dioxide in the tissue cells

A

. converts hemoglobin to carbaminohemoglobin and is carried as bicarbonate ions in the blood

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6
Q

Which of the following structures is involved in the gas exchange function of the respiratory system?

A

Alveoli

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7
Q

Which volume is not included in vital capacity?

A

Residual volume

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8
Q

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and cells throughout the body is called

A

internal respiration

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9
Q

The respiratory mucosa

A

lines most of the air distribution tubes

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10
Q

The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood returning to the lungs from the body is about

A

46 mm hg

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11
Q

Dyspnea is labored breathing that is often associated with

A

hypoventilation

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12
Q

Which of these structures is not in the larynx?

A

Palatine tonsils

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13
Q

The lacrimal sacs drain directly into the

A

nasal cavity

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14
Q

A decrease in blood protein concentration would tend to

A

increase interstitial fluid volume and decrease blood plasma volume

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15
Q

Which electrolyte is important in the formation of the thyroid hormones?

A

iodine

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16
Q

Which electrolyte is important in hemoglobin production?

A

iron

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17
Q

The hormone that increases the amount of water in the body is

Keyword there are 2

A

ADH and aldosterone

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18
Q

Which of the following is considered an extracellular fluid?

Keyword there are 3

A

Cerebrospinal fluid, the humors of the eye, and lymph

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19
Q

The most common positive ion in intracellular fluid is

A

potassium

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20
Q

Aldosterone increases

A

sodium reabsorption

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21
Q

The most abundant positive ion in blood plasma is:

A

sodium

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22
Q

The largest volume of water in the body is

A

the fluid inside the cells

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23
Q

A newborn can have a percentage of body water as high as

A

80%

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24
Q

Under normal circumstances, the kidneys provide the greatest means of water loss. Which organ provides the second greatest?

A

skin

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25
Q

The chief mechanism for maintaining fluid balance is to

A

adjust fluid output so it equals fluid input

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26
Q

An increase in capillary blood pressure would tend to

A

increase interstitial fluid volume

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27
Q

Which of the following organs contribute to fluid output from the body?

A

Lungs, skin, and intestine

28
Q

Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption by the

A

kidney, water reabsorption, and water volume in extracellular fluid.

29
Q

Extracellular fluid includes

A

plasma and interstitial fluid

30
Q

The term used to describe a blood sodium level of more than 145 mEq/L is:

A

hypernatremia

31
Q

The most abundant negative ion in blood plasma is

A

chloride.

32
Q

Overhydration

A

can be caused by giving intravenous fluids too rapidly

33
Q

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and blood in the lung is called

A

external respiration

34
Q

The following are tonsils EXCEPT

A

uvula

35
Q

Which of the following tubes enters or exits the pharynx?

A

Larynx, esophagus, and auditory tubes

36
Q

Which term describes the group of control centers in the brainstem that produce the basic rhythm of breathing?

A

. Medullary rhythmicity area

37
Q

Carbon dioxide in the blood is carried most efficiently by

A

bicarbonate ions

38
Q

The auditory, or eustachian, tubes connect the

A

middle ear with the nasopharynx

39
Q

The amount of air moved into and out of the lung during normal breathing is called

A

tidal volume

40
Q

The space between the vocal cords is called the

A

glottis.

41
Q

The function of the epiglottis is to

A

keep food from entering the trachea.

42
Q

Which of the following is not covered by the respiratory mucosa?

A

Alveoli

43
Q

During inspiration

A

the chest cavity expands

44
Q

Electrolytes

A

dissociate in water solutions and form ions in water solutions.

45
Q

The most important regulator of the amount of sodium in the body is the:

A

kidney

46
Q

The hormone that reduces the amount of water in the body is:

A

ANH

47
Q

The respiratory membrane:

A

contains cilia and mucus-producing goblet cells

48
Q

The thyroid cartilage (Adam’s apple) is part of the:

A

larynx.

49
Q

All of the following are paranasal sinuses except the

A

mandibular sinus.

50
Q

The chemoreceptors in the carotid and aorta are sensitive to:

A

an increase in blood carbon dioxide, a decrease in blood oxygen, and an increase in blood acidity.

51
Q

The partition that divides the nasal cavities is called the

A

nasal septum.

52
Q

The pulmonary stretch receptors

A

inhibit inspiration and are inhibited by expiration

53
Q

The most important muscle(s) of inspiration is (are) the

A

diaphragm

54
Q

The smallest of the air distribution tubes in the respiratory tract are the:

A

alveolar ducts

55
Q

In order for gas exchange to occur properly in the lungs is

A

the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli must be greater than the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli must be less than the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood.

56
Q

Which of the following are the two most important control centers in the medulla for regulating breathing rhythm?

A

Ventral respiratory group; dorsal respiratory group

57
Q

The respiratory mucosa helps protect the respiratory system by:

A

trapping bacteria, moving contaminated mucus towards the pharynx, and having ciliated epithelium beat in only one direction.

58
Q

Which of the following is not true of the pleura?

A

An inflammation of the pleura is called a pneumothorax.

59
Q

Oxygen in the blood is carried most efficiently by

A

combining with hemoglobin in blood cells

60
Q

The paranasal sinuses

A

are lined with mucosa continuous with the nasal cavity, help lighten the weight of the skull bones, and acts as a resonant chamber for sound.

61
Q

The trachea

A

is also called the windpipe, contains C-shaped rings of cartilage, and is lined by respiratory mucosa.

62
Q

Which of the following structures is involved in the air distribution function of the respiratory system?

A

Trachea and bronchi

63
Q

When dehydration begins to occur:

A

the salivary secretions decrease.

64
Q

The fluid that surrounds the cells is called:

A

interstitial fluid

65
Q

The main water-pushing force in the blood capillaries is:

A

blood pressure.

66
Q

The most important negative ion in intracellular fluid is:

A

.

anionic proteins

67
Q

The organ that has the greatest effect on fluid output is the

A

kidney

Anatomy (9 decks)

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