Ch 1 Into To The Body Flashcards
Anatomy is?
The study of structure of an organism and the relationships of its parts
Anatomy is derived from two words parts that mean
Cutting apart
Anatomist
Learn about the structure of the human body by cutting it apart
Physiology
Is the study of the functions of living organisms and their parts
The valves and muscles of the hollow heart have?
A structure that makes the forceful pumping of blood possible
A hypothesis is a?
Reasonable guess based on previous informal observations or on previously tested explanations
After a hypothesis has been proposed, it must be?
Tested
Hypothesis testing process is called?
Experimentation
Experimental controls are used to?
Ensure that the test situation is not affecting the results
A test group is?
A group getting the drug
A control group is?
The group getting the substitute
A hypothesis that has gained a high level of confidence is called?
Theory or law
The metric system is?
A decimal system in which measurement of length is based on the meter and weight or mass is based on the gram
1 kilometer is
1,000 meters
1 meter(m) is
39.37 inches
1 centimeter(cm) is
1/100 m
1 millimeter (mm) is
1/1,000 m
1 micrometer (um) or micron (u) is
1/1,000,000 m
1 nanometers (nm) is
1/1,000,000,000 m
1 angstrom (A) is
1/10,000,000,000
Organization progress from
The least complex(chemical level) to the most complex(organism level)
The most important characteristics of body structure is
Organization
The body is made up of
Trillions of smaller structures
Atoms and molecules are referred to as
Chemical level
What is the smallest living units of structure and function in our body?
Cells
A tissue is a?
Organization of many cells that act together to perform a common function
Cells and tissues are held together and surrounded by
Varying amounts and varieties of gluelike, nonliving intercellular substances
An organ is a
Group of several different kinds of tissue
A system is?
An organization of varying numbers and kinds of organs
Modern anatomy started in?
The renaissance in Europe
Cadavers
Persevered human remains
Supine and prone are
Terms used to describe the position of the body when it’s not in the anatomical position
Supine position is?
The body is lying facing upward
The prone position is?
The body is lying facing downward
Superior means
Toward the head also means upper or above
Inferior means
Toward the feet also means lower or below
Anterior means
Front or in front of
Posterior means
Back or in back of
Dorsal means
Toward the back
Medial means
Toward the midline of the body
Lateral means
Toward the side of the body or away from its midline
Proximal means
Toward or nearest the trunk of the body or nearest point of origin of one of its parts
Distal means
Away from or farthest from the trunk or the point of origin of a body part
Superficial means
Nearer the surface
Deep means
Farther away from the body structure
Abbreviations for rosettes compess
A anterior D distal I inferior (Opposite M) L lateral (Opposite R) L left M medial (Opposite A) P posterior (Opposite D) P proximal R right S superior
A cut is also called
Section
A plane is a
Flats plate
Sagittal plane
Divides the body into right and left sides
Midsagittal plane
A unique type of sagittal plane that divides the body into 2 equal halves
Frontal plane or coronal plane
Divides the body into anterior and posterior (front and back) portions
Transversal plane
Horizontal or crosswise plane
Divides the body into upper and lower portions
The body is not a
Solid structure
The body is made up of
Open spaces or cavities
Bony dorsal cavities form?
House organs of the central nervous system
The cranial cavity is
The space inside a skull that contains a brain
The space inside the vertebral column(spinal column) is called the
Spinal cavity
The spinal cavity contains the
Spinal cord
The cranial and spinal cavities are also called?
Dorsal cavities
The ventral cavities form from the?
Major body cavity during embryonic development
The upper ventral cavities include the
Thoracic cavity
Thoracic cavity is
A space that you might think of as your chest cavity
Mediastinum is?
The mid portion is a subdivision of the thoracic cavity
The lateral subdivisions of the thoracic cavity are called the?
Right and left pleural cavities
The lower ventral cavities include?
Abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity
The abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity form only one component the?
Abdominopelvic cavity
The most important muscle for breathing the
Diaphragm. It is domed shaped
The 4 abdominopelvic quadrants are?
1 right upper quadrant or RUQ(right superior quadrant)
2 right lower quadrant RLQ (right inferior quadrant)
3 left upper quadrant LUQ ( left superior quadrant)
4 left lower quadrant LLQ (left inferior quadrant)
Upper abdominopelvic regions, the right hypochondriac region, left hypochondriac right and epigastric region
Lie above an imaginary line across the abdomen at the level of the 9th rib cartilage
Middle abdominopelvic regions, right lumbar regions, and left lumbar region and the umbilical region
Lie below an imaginary line across the abdomen at the level of the 9th rib cartilage and above an imaginary line across the abdomen at the top of the hip bones
Lower abdominopelvic regions, right iliac region, left iliac region and hypogastric region
Lie below an imaginary line across the abdomen at the level of the top of the hip bones
The difference between the axial portion of the body and the appendicular portion of the body?
The axial region is head, neck, and Torso or trunk
Appendicular region is upper and lower extremities
What are some of the regions of the upper extremity and lower extremity?
Appendicular
All living organisms maintain?
Mechanisms
Homeostasis is?
Relative constancy of the internal environment
The cells of the body live?
In an internal environment made up of mostly water with salts
The cells are able to survive if?
The conditions of their watery environment remain stable
The basic type of control system in the body is called
Feedback loop
A sensor or a thermometer
Detects change in temperature
The furnace is called a
Effector
Negative feedback loops
Oppose, or negate a change
Positive feedback loops exists in the?
Body and involved in normal function
Positive feedback loops are
Stimulatory
The activity of blood cells are called?
Platelets
Normal homeostatic control mechanisms can maintain only a
Relative constancy
All organs help to maintain
Homeostatic balance
The ability to maintain the balance of body function is related to?
Age
Changes and functions occurring during the early years are called
Developmental process
Changes occurring after young adulthood are called
Aging process
The most important characteristic of body structure is?
Organization
Pelvic cavity contains
Reproductive organs, urinary bladder, and lowest part of the intestine
The body regions
Axial region, head, neck, and torso or trunk
Appendicular region, upper and lower extremities
Atrophy (decrease in size)
Occurs when an organ is not used
Feedback loops involve a
Sensor, a control center, and an effector
Negative feedback loops can turn into positive feedback loops to
Maintain or restore homeostasis
Negative feedback?
Opposes change in controlled conditions
Positive feedback?
Amplifies occurring change
Body mechanisms act as
Heaters, air pumps
