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Anatomy > Ch 2 Chemistry Of Life > Flashcards

Ch 2 Chemistry Of Life Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy and physiology are based on

A

Principals of chemistry

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2
Q

Biochemistry is devoted to

A

Studying chemical aspects of life

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3
Q

Matter is

A

Anything that occupies space and has mass

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4
Q

The smallest unit of matter is

A

Atom

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5
Q

Most chemicals are in the form of

A

Molecules

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6
Q

Molecules are

A

Particles of matter that are composed of one ore more atoms

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7
Q

Atoms are considered to be

A

The basic units of matter

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8
Q

What kind microscopes do atoms produce picture of?

A

Tunneling and atomic force

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9
Q

The 3 subatomic particles atoms are composed of are?

A

Protons, electrons and neutrons

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10
Q

At the core of each atom is a?

A

Nucleus

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11
Q

The number of protons in the nucleus is an

A

Atoms atomic number

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12
Q

The number of protons and neutrons combined is the

A

Atoms atomic mass

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13
Q

Orbitals are arranged into

A

Energy levels or shells

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14
Q

The energy level closest to the nucleus has

A

One orbital so it can hold 2 electrons

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15
Q

The next energy level has up to

A

4 orbitals, so it can hold 8 electrons

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16
Q

Substances can be classified as

A

Elements or compounds

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17
Q

The 4 kinds of atoms that make 96% of the human body are

A

Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen

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18
Q

Atoms unite with each other to form larger chemical units called

A

Molecules

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19
Q

Compounds are

A

Substances whose molecules have more than one element in them

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20
Q

Chemical bonds form to make

A

Atoms more stable

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21
Q

An atom is chemically stable when

A

Outer energy is full

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22
Q

Each element has its own

A

Atomic number

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23
Q

2 atoms that have the same atomic number but different atomic masses are

A

Isotopes

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24
Q

Hydrogen has 3 isotopes

A

H1 h2 h3

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25
Q

The most common isotope is

A

Hydrogen

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26
Q

Radiation particles include

A

Proton, neutron, electrons

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27
Q

An isotope that emits radiation is called a

A

Radioactive isotope

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28
Q

Radioactive isotopes are used in

A

Nuclear medicine

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29
Q

Atoms make their outermost energy level full is to form

A

Ionic bonds with other atoms

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30
Q

A positive ion is an

A

Electrically charged Aton

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31
Q

A negative atom is called

A

Chloride

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32
Q

Compounds that form ions when dissolved in water are called

A

Electrolytes

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33
Q

Ions have important roles to play in

A

Muscle contraction and nerve signaling

34
Q

When atoms share electrons a

A

Covalent bond form

35
Q

What 4 elements share electrons to form covalent bonds?

A

Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen

36
Q

Covalent bonding is used to form

A

All major organic compounds found in the body

37
Q

All compounds in living organisms can be classified as either

A

Organic or inorganic

38
Q

Water is an

A

Inorganic compound

39
Q

Water is the most

A

Abundant compound in the body

40
Q

A mixture is

A

A blend of 2 or more kinds of molecules

41
Q

When water is the solvent for a mixture, the mixture is called

A

Aqueous solution

42
Q

An aqueous solution containing common salt(NaC1) form

A

Internal sea of the body

43
Q

Water molecules also participate in

A

Chemical reactions

44
Q

Chemical reactions are

A

Interactions among molecules in which atoms regroup into new combinations

45
Q

Hydrolysis is

A

A common reaction in the body that involves water

46
Q

Water is also a

A

Product (dehydration synthesis) or reactant(hydrolysis)

47
Q

Chemical reactions always involve

A

Energy transfers

48
Q

Energy is required to build the

A

Molecules

49
Q

Chemist often use a chemical equation to

A

Represent a chemical reaction

50
Q

Acids and bases are compounds that

A

affect chemical reactions in the body

51
Q

A strong acid is an acid that completely dissociates to form

A

H+ ions

52
Q

A weak acid produces few

A

H+ ions in solution

53
Q

When a strong acid and a strong base mix Excess H+ combine with excess OH- to form

A

water

54
Q

The remaining ions form neutral ionic compounds called

A

Salts

55
Q

Acidosis is

A

Low blood pH

56
Q

Alkalosis is

A

High blood pH

57
Q

Buffers are

A

Chemicals in the blood that maintain pH

58
Q

4 major types of organic compounds found in the body are

A

Carbs, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

59
Q

The name carbohydrate means

A

Carbon and water

60
Q

The basic unit of many carbohydrate molecules is called

A

Monosaccharide

61
Q

Glucose is an important

A

Monosaccharide in the body

62
Q

A molecule made of 2 saccharide units is a

A

Double sugar or disaccharide

63
Q

Saccharide units joined together form

A

Polysaccharides

64
Q

The 3 major types of lipids included

A

Triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids

65
Q

An important steroid lipid is a

A

Cholesterol

66
Q

The 3 steroid hormone are

A

Estrogen, testosterone, and cortisone

67
Q

Proteins are very large molecules composed of basic units called

A

Amino acid

68
Q

All amino acid contains

A

Nitrogen (N)

69
Q

Collagen is a

A

Protein with a fiber shape, holds most of the body tissues together

70
Q

Keratin is a

A

Structural protein, forms a network of waterproof fibers in the outer layer of the skin

71
Q

A high density of protein is called

A

High density lipoproteins (HDLs)

72
Q

A molecule that contains less protein is called

A

Low density lipoprotein (LDL)

73
Q

Atherosclerosis is

A

A life threatening blockage of arteries

74
Q

The 2 forms of nucleic acid are

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) and ribonucleic acid (rna)

75
Q

The basic building blocks of nucleic acids are called

A

Nucleotides

76
Q

Each nucleotide consists of a

A

Phosphate, a unit of sugar, and a nitrogen base.

77
Q

DNA nucleotide bases include

A

Adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine

78
Q

Nucleotides bind to one another to form

A

Strands or other structures

79
Q

Nucleotides are arranged in a twisted double strand called a

A

Double helix

80
Q

The sequence of different nucleotides along the DNA double helix is the

A

Master code

81
Q

ATP(adenosine triphosphate) is a

A

Modified nucleotide used to transfer energy from nutrients to cellular processes

Anatomy (9 decks)

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