Ch. 3 Flashcards
Psychosocial crisis
Each stage represents a developmental task
- psychosocial “crisis” that must be resolved
- time of heightened vulnerability and increased potential
- predictable part of growth
- 2 outcomes: adaptive or maladaptive
Trust vs. Mistrust
Birth to 18 months
Basic needs (comfort, food, warmth)
Attachment to caregiver
Trust in infancy sets the stage for a lifelong expectation that the world is a safe place to live
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Age 18-36 months
Develop positive sense of independence and autonomy, or negative feelings of shame and doubt
Children recognize their will
Initiative vs. Guilt
Ages 3-5
Responsible for themselves
Develop sense of initiative or feel guilty
Taking risks, learned helplessness
Industry vs. Inferiority
Ages 6-12
Mastery of knowledge and intellectual skills
Recognized for accomplishments
Confidence/ self esteem or unproductive/inferior
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Ages 12-18
Who am I?
Autonomy from parents
Importance of peers
Independent decisions
Identity Diffusion
Have not experienced an identity crisis
Undecided about career, show little interest in occupation
Identity Foreclosure
Have made a commitment but have not yet experienced an identity crisis
Parents hand down commitments to their children before they have explored different approaches on their own
Identity Moratorium
In the midst of an identity crisis but have not yet made a clear commitment to an identity
Identity Achievement
Have undergone an identity crisis and have made a commitment
Authoritarian
Parents are restrictive and punitive (my way or the highway). Children tend to be socially incompetent, anxious, and exhibit poor communication skills
Authoritative
Parents are nurturing and supportive, yet set limits. Children are self reliant, get along with peers, and high self esteem.
Neglectful
Parents are uninvolved. Children have poor self control, don’t handle independence well, and low achievement motivation
Indulgent
Parents are highly involved but set few restrictions. Children have poor self control
Microsystem
Immediate settings in which we live
People we directly interact with
