Ch. 13 Flashcards
Motivation
Processes that organize, direct, and sustain behavior
Learning and motivation sustain behavior
Behavioral perspective
Emphasizes external rewards and punishments as keys in determining student motivation
Extrinsic motivation
Influenced by rewards and punishment, based on external factors
Intrinsic motivation
Desire to learn without external factors
Based on internal factors such as self-determination, curiosity, challenge and effort
Humanistic perspective
Stresses capacity for personal growth, freedom to choose their own destinies, positive qualities
Maslow’s Heirarchy of Needs
5 basic needs that all humans have
Basic needs must be met before higher needs satisfied
Physiological Needs
Necessary for life, if unmet can lead to death
- Food
- Water
- Oxygen
- Sleep
Safety and security needs
Free from anxiety and fear
Secure in environment
Order and routine
Love and belongingness needs
To be loved
To be long
Social acceptance
Friendships
Relate to others
Esteem needs
Engage in activities that bring achievement, success, recognition
- Feeling important
- Worthwhile
- Respect
- Approval
- Appreciation
Self Actualization
Obtain or fulfill potential
Alignment with gifts and talents
Maslow believed that not many people reach the fullest of development of their potential and become self actualized
Cognitive Perspective
Student’s thoughts guide their motivation
Self perception about:
- Causes of success and failure
- Perception that effort is important for achievement
- Belief that they can effectively control their environment
Stresses the importance of goal setting, planning, and monitoring progress
Social Perspective
Emphasizes need to be around others
Need for affiliation or relatedness
Importance of relationships
Why do students procrastinate?
Poor time management skills
Difficulty concentrating
Fear and anxiety
What can we do?
Encourage acknowledgement of problem
Assist in time management and task analysis
Teach behavioral and cognitive strategies for dealing with problem
