Ch. 27 The Fetal Heart and Chest Flashcards
A group of anomalies characterized by a small or absent left ventricle is:
- Turner syndrome
- Hypoplastic right heart syndrome
- Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
- Coarctation of the aorta
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
A group of anomalies characterized by a small or absent right ventricle is:
- Turner syndrome
- Hypoplastic right heart syndrome
- Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
- Coarctation of the aorta
Hypoplastic right heart syndrome
All of the following are sonographic signs of Ebstein anomaly except:
- Enlarged right atrium
- Fetal hydrops
- Narrowing of the aortic arch
- Malpositioned tricuspid valve
Narrowing of the aortic arch
The narrowing of the aortic arch is indicative of:
- Tetralogy of Fallot
- Coarctation of the aorta
- Ebstein anomaly
- Hypoplastic right heart syndrome
Coarction of the aorta
An echogenic intracardiac focus is most often seen w/in the: Right atrium Left atrium Right ventricle Left ventricle
Left ventricle
An echogenic intracardiac focus is often seen in cases of: Trisomy 21 Trisomy 13 Trisomy 8 Turner syndrome
Trisomy 21
The most common fetal cardiac tumor is the: Rhabdomyoma Chordae tendineae Cardiomyoma Cystic adenomatoid malformation
Rhabdomyoma
All of the following are sonographic features of pentalogy of Cantrell except: Omphalocele Gastroschisis Cleft sternum Diaphragmatic defect
Gastroschisis
The accumulation of fluid around the lungs is termed: Ascites Extracorporeal effusion Peripleural fluid Pleural effusion
Pleural effusion
The condition in which the heart is located on the outside of the chest wall is termed:
- Cystic adenomatoid malformation
- Coarctation of the heart
- Cardiac sequestration
- Ectopic cordis
Ectopic cordis
The most common form of diaphragmatic hernia is the: Foramen of Morgagni Foramen of Magendie Foramen of Luschka Foramen of Bochdalek
Foramen of Bochdalek
The most common cause of cardiac malposition is: Diaphragmatic hernia Omphalocele Gastroschisis Pulmonary hypoplasia
Diaphragmatic hernia
A separate mass of nonfunctioning fetal lung tissue is referred to as:
- Pulmonary adenomatoid malformation
- Pulmonary sequestration
- Cystic adenomatoid malformation
- Bat wing sign
Pulmonary sequestration
The most common sonographic appearance of pulmonary sequestration is a/an:
- Dilated pulmonary artery and hypoechoic chest mass
- Pleural effusion and ipsilateral hiatal hernia
- Triangular, echogenic mass w/in the chest
- Anechoic mass w/in the chest
Triangular, echogenic mass w/in the chest
The embryonic heart begins as: 2 tubes 4 tubes 8 folds 1 tube
2 tubes
Tetralogy of Fallot consists of all of the following except:
- Overriding aortic root
- Ventricular septal defect
- Pulmonsary stenosis
- Left ventricular hypertrophy
Left ventricular hypertrophy
Eventration of the diaphragm is best described as:
- A lack of muscle in the dome of the diaphragm
- A defect in the anterior lateral wall of the diaphragm
- A defect in the posterolateral wall of the diaphragm
- Congenital absence of the diaphragm
A lack of muscle in the dome of the diaphragm
The visualization of the fetal stomach w/in the fetal chest is most indicative of:
- Pulmonary sequestration
- Diaphragmatic hernia
- Turner syndrome
- Cystic adenomatoid malformation
Diaphragmatic hernia
The sonographic "bat wing" sign is indicative of: Pericardial effusion Pulmonary atresia Pleural effusion Endocardial cushion defects
Pleural effusion
Which statement is true concerning fetal outflow tracts?
- The normal pulmonary artery should be positioned posterior to the aorta and should be visualized passing under it.
- The normal pulmonary artery should be positioned anterior to the aorta and should be visualized crossing over it.
- The right ventricular outflow tract leads to the aorta.
- The left ventricular outflow tract leads to the pulmonary artery.
The normal pulmonary artery should be positioned anterior to the aorta and should be visualized crossing over it.
Fetal lung maturity can be assessed using the:
- Lecithin to sphingomyelin ratio
- Systolic to diastolic ratios
- Estriol to alpha-fetoprotein ratio
- Lung size formula
Lecithin to sphingomyelin ratio
Fetal rhabdomyomas are associated w/ which of the following?
- Tracheoesophageal fistulas
- Tuberous sclerosis
- Eventration of the diaphragm
- Tuberculosis
Tuberous sclerosis
Which of the following is considered to be the most common cardiac defect?
- Hypoplastic right heart syndrome
- Transposition of the great vessels
- Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
- Ventricular septal defect
Ventricular septal defect
What is the normal opening in the lower middle third of the atrial septum?
- Foramen of Magendie
- Foramen of Monro
- Foramen ovale
- Ductus arteriosus
Foramen ovale
Blood is shunted into the IVC from the umbilical vein by what structure? Ductus venosus Ductus arteriosus Foramen ovale Foramen of Luschka
Ductus venosus
Which of the following isn’t a true statement about the normal fetal heart?
- The ventricular septum should be uninterrupted and of equal thickness to the left ventricular wall.
- There is a normal opening w/in the atrial septum.
- B/n the right ventricle and right atrium, one should visualize the tricuspid valve.
- The mitral valve is positioned closer to the cardiac apex than the tricuspid valve.
The mitral valve is positioned closer to the cardiac apex than the tricuspid valve.
Which of the following is a true statement about the fetal heart?
- The apex of the heart will be angled to the right of the midline.
- The apex of the heart is positioned closest to the spine.
- The normal fetal heart will fill approximately 2/3 of the fetal chest.
- The chamber closest to the fetal spine is the left atrium.
The chamber closest to the fetal spine is the left atrium.
The fetal heart is fully formed by: 2 wks 4 wks 8 wks 10 wks
10 wks
A co-existing pericardial effusion and a pleural effusion is consistent w/ the diagnosis of:
- Tetralogy of Fallot
- Petnalogy of Cantrell
- Fetal hydrops
- Potter syndrome
Fetal hydrops
Which of the following best describes transposition of the great vessels?
- The aorta arises from the left ventricle and the pulmonary artery arises from the right ventricle.
- The aorta arises from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle.
- The aortic arch is narrowed and positioned anterior to the pulmonary vein.
- The presence of an omphalocele and ectopic cordis.
The aorta arises from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle.
