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SEMINAR FOR OB/GYN > Ch. 27 The Fetal Heart and Chest > Flashcards

Ch. 27 The Fetal Heart and Chest Flashcards

1
Q

A group of anomalies characterized by a small or absent left ventricle is:

  • Turner syndrome
  • Hypoplastic right heart syndrome
  • Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
  • Coarctation of the aorta
A

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome

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2
Q

A group of anomalies characterized by a small or absent right ventricle is:

  • Turner syndrome
  • Hypoplastic right heart syndrome
  • Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
  • Coarctation of the aorta
A

Hypoplastic right heart syndrome

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3
Q

All of the following are sonographic signs of Ebstein anomaly except:

  • Enlarged right atrium
  • Fetal hydrops
  • Narrowing of the aortic arch
  • Malpositioned tricuspid valve
A

Narrowing of the aortic arch

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4
Q

The narrowing of the aortic arch is indicative of:

  • Tetralogy of Fallot
  • Coarctation of the aorta
  • Ebstein anomaly
  • Hypoplastic right heart syndrome
A

Coarction of the aorta

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5
Q 
An echogenic intracardiac focus is most often seen w/in the:
Right atrium
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
A

Left ventricle

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6
Q 
An echogenic intracardiac focus is often seen in cases of:
Trisomy 21
Trisomy 13
Trisomy 8
Turner syndrome
A

Trisomy 21

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7
Q 
The most common fetal cardiac tumor is the:
Rhabdomyoma
Chordae tendineae
Cardiomyoma
Cystic adenomatoid malformation
A

Rhabdomyoma

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8
Q 
All of the following are sonographic features of pentalogy of Cantrell except:
Omphalocele
Gastroschisis
Cleft sternum
Diaphragmatic defect
A

Gastroschisis

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9
Q 
The accumulation of fluid around the lungs is termed:
Ascites
Extracorporeal effusion
Peripleural fluid
Pleural effusion
A

Pleural effusion

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10
Q

The condition in which the heart is located on the outside of the chest wall is termed:

  • Cystic adenomatoid malformation
  • Coarctation of the heart
  • Cardiac sequestration
  • Ectopic cordis
A

Ectopic cordis

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11
Q 
The most common form of diaphragmatic hernia is the:
Foramen of Morgagni
Foramen of Magendie
Foramen of Luschka
Foramen of  Bochdalek
A

Foramen of Bochdalek

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12
Q 
The most common cause of cardiac malposition is:
Diaphragmatic hernia
Omphalocele
Gastroschisis
Pulmonary hypoplasia
A

Diaphragmatic hernia

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13
Q

A separate mass of nonfunctioning fetal lung tissue is referred to as:

  • Pulmonary adenomatoid malformation
  • Pulmonary sequestration
  • Cystic adenomatoid malformation
  • Bat wing sign
A

Pulmonary sequestration

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14
Q

The most common sonographic appearance of pulmonary sequestration is a/an:

  • Dilated pulmonary artery and hypoechoic chest mass
  • Pleural effusion and ipsilateral hiatal hernia
  • Triangular, echogenic mass w/in the chest
  • Anechoic mass w/in the chest
A

Triangular, echogenic mass w/in the chest

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15
Q 
The embryonic heart begins as:
2 tubes
4 tubes
8 folds
1 tube
A

2 tubes

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16
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot consists of all of the following except:

  • Overriding aortic root
  • Ventricular septal defect
  • Pulmonsary stenosis
  • Left ventricular hypertrophy
A

Left ventricular hypertrophy

17
Q

Eventration of the diaphragm is best described as:

  • A lack of muscle in the dome of the diaphragm
  • A defect in the anterior lateral wall of the diaphragm
  • A defect in the posterolateral wall of the diaphragm
  • Congenital absence of the diaphragm
A

A lack of muscle in the dome of the diaphragm

18
Q

The visualization of the fetal stomach w/in the fetal chest is most indicative of:

  • Pulmonary sequestration
  • Diaphragmatic hernia
  • Turner syndrome
  • Cystic adenomatoid malformation
A

Diaphragmatic hernia

19
Q 
The sonographic "bat wing" sign is indicative of:
Pericardial effusion
Pulmonary atresia
Pleural effusion
Endocardial cushion defects
A

Pleural effusion

20
Q

Which statement is true concerning fetal outflow tracts?

  • The normal pulmonary artery should be positioned posterior to the aorta and should be visualized passing under it.
  • The normal pulmonary artery should be positioned anterior to the aorta and should be visualized crossing over it.
  • The right ventricular outflow tract leads to the aorta.
  • The left ventricular outflow tract leads to the pulmonary artery.
A

The normal pulmonary artery should be positioned anterior to the aorta and should be visualized crossing over it.

21
Q

Fetal lung maturity can be assessed using the:

  • Lecithin to sphingomyelin ratio
  • Systolic to diastolic ratios
  • Estriol to alpha-fetoprotein ratio
  • Lung size formula
A

Lecithin to sphingomyelin ratio

22
Q

Fetal rhabdomyomas are associated w/ which of the following?

  • Tracheoesophageal fistulas
  • Tuberous sclerosis
  • Eventration of the diaphragm
  • Tuberculosis
A

Tuberous sclerosis

23
Q

Which of the following is considered to be the most common cardiac defect?

  • Hypoplastic right heart syndrome
  • Transposition of the great vessels
  • Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
  • Ventricular septal defect
A

Ventricular septal defect

24
Q

What is the normal opening in the lower middle third of the atrial septum?

  • Foramen of Magendie
  • Foramen of Monro
  • Foramen ovale
  • Ductus arteriosus
A

Foramen ovale

25
Q 
Blood is shunted into the IVC from the umbilical vein by what structure?
Ductus venosus
Ductus arteriosus
Foramen ovale
Foramen of Luschka
A

Ductus venosus

26
Q

Which of the following isn’t a true statement about the normal fetal heart?

  • The ventricular septum should be uninterrupted and of equal thickness to the left ventricular wall.
  • There is a normal opening w/in the atrial septum.
  • B/n the right ventricle and right atrium, one should visualize the tricuspid valve.
  • The mitral valve is positioned closer to the cardiac apex than the tricuspid valve.
A

The mitral valve is positioned closer to the cardiac apex than the tricuspid valve.

27
Q

Which of the following is a true statement about the fetal heart?

  • The apex of the heart will be angled to the right of the midline.
  • The apex of the heart is positioned closest to the spine.
  • The normal fetal heart will fill approximately 2/3 of the fetal chest.
  • The chamber closest to the fetal spine is the left atrium.
A

The chamber closest to the fetal spine is the left atrium.

28
Q 
The fetal heart is fully formed by:
2 wks
4 wks
8 wks
10 wks
A

10 wks

29
Q

A co-existing pericardial effusion and a pleural effusion is consistent w/ the diagnosis of:

  • Tetralogy of Fallot
  • Petnalogy of Cantrell
  • Fetal hydrops
  • Potter syndrome
A

Fetal hydrops

30
Q

Which of the following best describes transposition of the great vessels?

  • The aorta arises from the left ventricle and the pulmonary artery arises from the right ventricle.
  • The aorta arises from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle.
  • The aortic arch is narrowed and positioned anterior to the pulmonary vein.
  • The presence of an omphalocele and ectopic cordis.
A

The aorta arises from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle.

SEMINAR FOR OB/GYN (18 decks)

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